从。net 4.5开始，你可以使用ConcurrentDictionary来实现:

using System.Collections.Concurrent;

var colStates = new ConcurrentDictionary<string,int>();
colStates["foo"] = 1;
colStates["bar"] = 2;
colStates["baz"] = 3;

int OtherCount = 0;
int TotalCount = 100;

foreach(string key in colStates.Keys)
{
    double Percent = (double)colStates[key] / TotalCount;

    if (Percent < 0.05)
    {
        OtherCount += colStates[key];
        colStates[key] = 0;
    }
}

colStates.TryAdd("Other", OtherCount);

但是请注意，它的性能实际上比简单的foreach dictionary差得多。

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;

public class ConcurrentVsRegularDictionary
{
    private readonly Random _rand;
    private const int Count = 1_000;

    public ConcurrentVsRegularDictionary()
    {
        _rand = new Random();
    }

    [Benchmark]
    public void ConcurrentDictionary()
    {
        var dict = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, int>();
        Populate(dict);

        foreach (var key in dict.Keys)
        {
            dict[key] = _rand.Next();
        }
    }

    [Benchmark]
    public void Dictionary()
    {
        var dict = new Dictionary<int, int>();
        Populate(dict);

        foreach (var key in dict.Keys.ToArray())
        {
            dict[key] = _rand.Next();
        }
    }

    private void Populate(IDictionary<int, int> dictionary)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < Count; i++)
        {
            dictionary[i] = 0;
        }
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        BenchmarkRunner.Run<ConcurrentVsRegularDictionary>();
    }
}

结果:

              Method |      Mean |     Error |    StdDev |
--------------------- |----------:|----------:|----------:|
 ConcurrentDictionary | 182.24 us | 3.1507 us | 2.7930 us |
           Dictionary |  47.01 us | 0.4824 us | 0.4512 us |

你可以把字典做一个列表副本。值，然后您可以使用列表。ForEach lambda函数用于迭代(或如前所述的ForEach循环)。

new List<string>(myDict.Values).ForEach(str =>
{
  //Use str in any other way you need here.
  Console.WriteLine(str);
});

免责声明:我不怎么使用c#

您正在尝试修改存储在哈希表中的DictionaryEntry对象。哈希表只存储一个对象——DictionaryEntry的实例。改变键或值就足以改变哈希表并导致枚举数失效。

你可以在循环之外执行:

if(hashtable.Contains(key))
{
    hashtable[key] = value;
}

首先，创建一个包含您希望更改的值的所有键的列表，然后遍历该列表。

如何只是对你的字典做一些linq查询，然后将你的图绑定到这些结果?

var under = colStates.Where(c => (decimal)c.Value / (decimal)totalCount < .05M);
var over = colStates.Where(c => (decimal)c.Value / (decimal)totalCount >= .05M);
var newColStates = over.Union(new Dictionary<string, int>() { { "Other", under.Sum(c => c.Value) } });

foreach (var item in newColStates)
{
    Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", item.Key, item.Value);
}

您需要从旧的Dictionary中创建一个新的Dictionary，而不是原地修改。有些像(也迭代KeyValuePair<，>，而不是使用键查找:

int otherCount = 0;
int totalCounts = colStates.Values.Sum();
var newDict = new Dictionary<string,int>();
foreach (var kv in colStates) {
  if (kv.Value/(double)totalCounts < 0.05) {
    otherCount += kv.Value;
  } else {
    newDict.Add(kv.Key, kv.Value);
  }
}
if (otherCount > 0) {
  newDict.Add("Other", otherCount);
}

colStates = newDict;

您不能修改集合，甚至不能修改值。您可以保存这些案例，并在以后删除它们。结果是这样的:

Dictionary<string, int> colStates = new Dictionary<string, int>();
// ...
// Some code to populate colStates dictionary
// ...

int OtherCount = 0;
List<string> notRelevantKeys = new List<string>();

foreach (string key in colStates.Keys)
{

    double Percent = colStates[key] / colStates.Count;

    if (Percent < 0.05)
    {
        OtherCount += colStates[key];
        notRelevantKeys.Add(key);
    }
}

foreach (string key in notRelevantKeys)
{
    colStates[key] = 0;
}

colStates.Add("Other", OtherCount);