我不知道这个问题是否还有新的答案，但我自己碰巧也遇到过同样的问题。我试着跟自己“讲道理”寻找解决办法，我找到了一个。这可能和一些人在这里提出的建议是一样的，但不管怎样，它是这样的:

in order for two elements of the circle's surface to be equal, assuming equal dr's, we must have dtheta1/dtheta2 = r2/r1. Writing expression of the probability for that element as P(r, theta) = P{ r1< r< r1 + dr, theta1< theta< theta + dtheta1} = f(r,theta)*dr*dtheta1, and setting the two probabilities (for r1 and r2) equal, we arrive to (assuming r and theta are independent) f(r1)/r1 = f(r2)/r2 = constant, which gives f(r) = c*r. And the rest, determining the constant c follows from the condition on f(r) being a PDF.

你也可以用你的直觉。

圆的面积是*r^2

为r = 1

得到的面积是。让我们假设我们有某种函数f，它将N=10个点均匀分布在一个圆内。这个比值是10 /

现在我们把面积和点数翻倍

对于r=2和N=20

面积是4，比值是20/4或10/2。半径越大，比值就越小，因为它的增长是二次的，N是线性的。

为了解决这个问题，我们可以说

x = r^2
sqrt(x) = r

如果在极坐标下生成一个向量

length = random_0_1();
angle = random_0_2pi();

更多的点会落在中心周围。

length = sqrt(random_0_1());
angle = random_0_2pi();

长度不再是均匀分布的，但是向量现在是均匀分布的。

半径和“靠近”该半径的点的数量之间存在线性关系，因此他需要使用半径分布，这也使得半径r附近的数据点的数量与r成正比。

我仍然不确定确切的“(2/R2)×r”，但显而易见的是，在给定的单位“dr”中需要分配的点的数量，即r的增加将与R2成正比，而不是r。

check this way...number of points at some angle theta and between r (0.1r to 0.2r) i.e. fraction of the r and number of points between r (0.6r to 0.7r) would be equal if you use standard generation, since the difference is only 0.1r between two intervals. but since area covered between points (0.6r to 0.7r) will be much larger than area covered between 0.1r to 0.2r, the equal number of points will be sparsely spaced in larger area, this I assume you already know, So the function to generate the random points must not be linear but quadratic, (since number of points required to be distributed in given unit 'dr' i.e. increase in r will be proportional to r2 and not r), so in this case it will be inverse of quadratic, since the delta we have (0.1r) in both intervals must be square of some function so it can act as seed value for linear generation of points (since afterwords, this seed is used linearly in sin and cos function), so we know, dr must be quadratic value and to make this seed quadratic, we need to originate this values from square root of r not r itself, I hope this makes it little more clear.

首先我们生成一个cdf[x]

一点到圆心的距离小于x的概率。假设圆的半径为R。

显然，如果x = 0，那么cdf[0] = 0

显然，如果x是R，则cdf[R] = 1

显然，如果x = r，则cdf[r] = (r^2)/(r^2)

这是因为圆上的每个“小区域”都有相同的被选中的概率，所以概率与问题区域成比例。距离圆心x的面积是r^2

所以cdf[x] = x^2/R^2因为两者相互抵消了

我们有cdf[x]=x^2/R^2其中x从0到R

我们解出x

R^2 cdf[x] = x^2

x = R Sqrt[ cdf[x] ]

现在我们可以用一个从0到1的随机数来替换cdf

x = R Sqrt[ RandomReal[{0,1}] ]

最后

r = R Sqrt[  RandomReal[{0,1}] ];
theta = 360 deg * RandomReal[{0,1}];
{r,theta}

我们得到极坐标 {0.601168 R, 311.915°}

这样一个有趣的问题。 一个点被选择的概率随着距离轴原点的增加而降低的基本原理在上面已经解释了多次。我们通过取U[0,1]的根来解释这一点。 下面是Python 3中正r的通解。

import numpy
import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def sq_point_in_circle(r):
    """
    Generate a random point in an r radius circle 
    centered around the start of the axis
    """

    t = 2*math.pi*numpy.random.uniform()
    R = (numpy.random.uniform(0,1) ** 0.5) * r

    return(R*math.cos(t), R*math.sin(t))

R = 200 # Radius
N = 1000 # Samples

points = numpy.array([sq_point_in_circle(R) for i in range(N)])
plt.scatter(points[:, 0], points[:,1])