一个循环的else分支只执行一次，不管这个循环是否进入它的循环体，除非循环体已经进入但没有结束。也就是说，在循环中会遇到break或return语句。

my_list = []
for i in my_list:
    print(i, end=',')
else:
    print('loop did not enter')

##################################    

for i in range(1,6,1):
    print(i, end=',')
else:
    print('loop completed successfully:', i)

##################################    

for i in range(1,6,1):
    if i == 3:
        print('loop did not finish:', i)
        break
    print(i, end=',')
else:
    print('else:', i)

输出:

loop did not enter
1,2,3,4,5,loop completed successfully: 5
1,2,loop did not finish: 3

while-else也是一样的。

import random
random.seed(8)

i = 100
while i < 90:
    print(i, end=',')
    i = random.randint(0,100)
else:
    print('loop did not enter:', i)

##################################    

i = 25
while i < 90:
    print(i, end=',')
    i = random.randint(0,100)
else:
    print('loop completed successfully:', i)

##################################    

i = 25
while i < 90:
    if i % 10 == 0:
        print('loop did not finish:', i)
        break
    print(i, end=',')
    i = random.randint(0,100)
else:
    print('else:', i)

输出:

loop did not enter: 100
25,29,47,48,16,24,loop completed successfully: 90
25,5,loop did not finish: 10

因为他们不想给这门语言引入一个新的关键字。每一个都窃取一个标识符并导致向后兼容问题，所以通常是最后的手段。

这里的else关键字可能会让人困惑，正如许多人指出的那样，像nobreak, notbreak这样的关键字更合适。

为了理解……其他的……从逻辑上讲，将它与try进行比较……Else，不是if…Else…，大多数python程序员都熟悉以下代码:

try:
    do_something()
except:
    print("Error happened.") # The try block threw an exception
else:
    print("Everything is find.") # The try block does things just find.

类似地，可以将break视为一种特殊的异常:

for x in iterable:
    do_something(x)
except break:
    pass # Implied by Python's loop semantics
else:
    print('no break encountered')  # No break statement was encountered

不同之处在于python暗示除了break，你不能把它写出来，所以它变成:

for x in iterable:
    do_something(x)
else:
    print('no break encountered')  # No break statement was encountered

是的，我知道这种比较可能会很困难和令人厌倦，但它确实澄清了困惑。

我认为结构是for(if) A else B，而for(if)-else是一个特殊的if-else。这可能有助于了解其他方面。

A和B最多执行一次，这与if-else结构相同。

For (if)可以被认为是一个特殊的if，它会执行一个循环来尝试满足if条件。一旦满足if条件，A和break;别的,B。

一个常见的构造是运行一个循环，直到找到一些东西，然后跳出循环。问题是，如果我跳出循环或循环结束，我需要确定发生了哪种情况。一种方法是创建一个标志或存储变量，让我进行第二次测试，以查看循环是如何退出的。

例如，假设我需要在列表中搜索并处理每个项，直到找到标志项，然后停止处理。如果缺少标志项，则需要引发异常。

使用Python进行…你的其他构念

for i in mylist:
    if i == theflag:
        break
    process(i)
else:
    raise ValueError("List argument missing terminal flag.")

将此方法与不使用此语法糖的方法进行比较:

flagfound = False
for i in mylist:
    if i == theflag:
        flagfound = True
        break
    process(i)

if not flagfound:
    raise ValueError("List argument missing terminal flag.")

在第一种情况下，raise与它所使用的for循环紧密绑定。第二种情况是，绑定不那么牢固，在维护过程中可能会出现错误。

The easiest way I found to 'get' what the for/else did, and more importantly, when to use it, was to concentrate on where the break statement jumps to. The For/else construct is a single block. The break jumps out of the block, and so jumps 'over' the else clause. If the contents of the else clause simply followed the for clause, it would never be jumped over, and so the equivalent logic would have to be provided by putting it in an if. This has been said before, but not quite in these words, so it may help somebody else. Try running the following code fragment. I'm wholeheartedly in favour of the 'no break' comment for clarity.

for a in range(3):
    print(a)
    if a==4: # change value to force break or not
        break
else: #no break  +10 for whoever thought of this decoration
    print('for completed OK')

print('statement after for loop')

编辑-我注意到这个问题仍然在运行

第二个更好的想法……

“没有休息”的评论是负面的。要理解一个正的断言要容易得多，那就是for可迭代对象已经用完了。

for a in range(3):
    print(a)
    if a==4: # change value to force break or not
        print('ending for loop with a break')
        break
else: # for iterable exhausted  
    print('ending for loop as iterable exhausted')

print('for loop ended one way or another')

这也强化了这种解释

if iterable_supplies_a_value:
    run_the_for_with_that_value
else:
    do_something_else