试着考虑下面的图像

例如Object。memberwisclone创建一个浅复制链接

并使用ICloneable接口，你可以得到深度拷贝，如这里所述

The copy constructor is used to initialize the new object with the previously created object of the same class. By default compiler wrote a shallow copy. Shallow copy works fine when dynamic memory allocation is not involved because when dynamic memory allocation is involved then both objects will points towards the same memory location in a heap, Therefore to remove this problem we wrote deep copy so both objects have their own copy of attributes in a memory. In order to read the details with complete examples and explanations you could see the article C++ constructors.

浅拷贝不会创建新的引用，但深拷贝会创建新的引用。

下面是程序解释的深拷贝和浅拷贝。

public class DeepAndShollowCopy {
    int id;
    String name;
    List<String> testlist = new ArrayList<>();

    /*
    // To performing Shallow Copy 
    // Note: Here we are not creating any references. 
      public DeepAndShollowCopy(int id, String name, List<String>testlist)
       { 

       System.out.println("Shallow Copy for Object initialization");
       this.id = id; 
       this.name = name; 
       this.testlist = testlist; 

       }
    */  

    // To performing Deep Copy 
    // Note: Here we are creating one references( Al arraylist object ). 
    public DeepAndShollowCopy(int id, String name, List<String> testlist) {
        System.out.println("Deep Copy for Object initialization");
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        String item;
        List<String> Al = new ArrayList<>();
        Iterator<String> itr = testlist.iterator();
        while (itr.hasNext()) {
            item = itr.next();
            Al.add(item);
        }
        this.testlist = Al;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("Java");
        list.add("Oracle");
        list.add("C++");
        DeepAndShollowCopy copy=new DeepAndShollowCopy(10,"Testing", list);
        System.out.println(copy.toString());
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DeepAndShollowCopy [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", testlist=" + testlist + "]";
    }
}

尤其是iOS开发者:

如果B是a的浅拷贝，那么对于原语数据，它就像B = [a assign];对于对象，B = [A retain];

B和A指向同一个内存位置

如果B是a的深层副本，则B = [a copy];

B和A指向不同的内存位置

B的内存地址与A的相同

B和A的含量相同

简单来说，浅拷贝类似于按引用调用，深拷贝类似于按值调用

在引用调用中，函数的形式参数和实际参数都指向相同的内存位置和值。

在按值调用中，函数的形式形参和实际形参都是指不同的内存位置，但具有相同的值。

深拷贝

深度复制复制所有字段，并复制由字段指向的动态分配的内存。当对象与其引用的对象一起复制时，就会发生深度复制。

浅拷贝

浅复制是对象的逐位复制。创建一个新对象，该对象具有原始对象中值的精确副本。如果对象的任何字段是对其他对象的引用，则只复制引用地址，即只复制内存地址。