深度复制和浅复制的区别是什么?
当前回答
浅克隆: 定义:“对象的浅拷贝复制‘主’对象,但不复制内部对象。” 当一个自定义对象(例如。雇员)只有原始的,字符串类型的变量,然后你使用浅克隆。
Employee e = new Employee(2, "john cena");
Employee e2=e.clone();
返回super.clone();在重写的clone()方法中,您的工作就结束了。
深克隆: 定义:“与浅拷贝不同,深拷贝是对象的完全独立副本。” 表示当一个Employee对象持有另一个自定义对象时:
Employee e = new Employee(2, "john cena", new Address(12, "West Newbury", "Massachusetts");
然后,您必须在覆写的clone()方法中编写代码来克隆'Address'对象。否则Address对象不会被克隆,当你在克隆的Employee对象中改变Address的值时,它会导致一个错误,这也反映了原始的一个。
其他回答
{想象两个对象:相同类型_t的A和B(相对于c++),你正在考虑将A浅/深复制到B}
浅拷贝: 简单地将a的引用复制到b中,把它看作是a的地址的副本。 因此,A和B的地址将是相同的,即它们将指向相同的内存位置,即数据内容。
Deep copy: Simply makes a copy of all the members of A, allocates memory in a different location for B and then assigns the copied members to B to achieve deep copy. In this way, if A becomes non-existant B is still valid in the memory. The correct term to use would be cloning, where you know that they both are totally the same, but yet different (i.e. stored as two different entities in the memory space). You can also provide your clone wrapper where you can decide via inclusion/exclusion list which properties to select during deep copy. This is quite a common practice when you create APIs.
只有当你了解其中的利害关系时,你才可以选择做浅拷贝。当你在c++或C中有大量的指针要处理时,做一个对象的浅拷贝真的是一个坏主意。
EXAMPLE_OF_DEEP COPY_ An example is, when you are trying to do image processing and object recognition you need to mask "Irrelevant and Repetitive Motion" out of your processing areas. If you are using image pointers, then you might have the specification to save those mask images. NOW... if you do a shallow copy of the image, when the pointer references are KILLED from the stack, you lost the reference and its copy i.e. there will be a runtime error of access violation at some point. In this case, what you need is a deep copy of your image by CLONING it. In this way you can retrieve the masks in case you need them in the future.
EXAMPLE_OF_SHALLOW_COPY I am not extremely knowledgeable compared to the users in StackOverflow so feel free to delete this part and put a good example if you can clarify. But I really think it is not a good idea to do shallow copy if you know that your program is gonna run for an infinite period of time i.e. continuous "push-pop" operation over the stack with function calls. If you are demonstrating something to an amateur or novice person (e.g. C/C++ tutorial stuff) then it is probably okay. But if you are running an application such as surveillance and detection system, or Sonar Tracking System, you are not supposed to keep shallow copying your objects around because it will kill your program sooner or later.
浅拷贝构造一个新的复合对象,并将其对原始对象的引用插入其中。
与浅拷贝不同,deepcopy构造新的复合对象,并插入原复合对象的原对象副本。
让我们举个例子。
import copy
x =[1,[2]]
y=copy.copy(x)
z= copy.deepcopy(x)
print(y is z)
上面的代码输出FALSE。
让我们看看怎么做。
原始复合对象x=[1,[2]](称为复合,因为它在对象中有对象(Inception))
如图所示,列表中有一个列表。
然后使用y = copy.copy(x)创建它的浅拷贝。python在这里所做的是,它将创建一个新的复合对象,但其中的对象指向原始对象。
在图像中,它为外层列表创建了一个新的副本。但内部列表与原始列表保持一致。
现在我们使用z = copy.deepcopy(x)创建它的深度复制。python在这里所做的是,它将为外部列表和内部列表创建新对象。如下图所示(红色高亮部分)。
最后代码输出False,因为y和z不是相同的对象。
HTH.
浅拷贝尽可能少地复制。集合的浅拷贝是集合结构的副本,而不是元素的副本。使用浅拷贝,两个集合现在共享单个元素。
深度复制复制一切。集合的深层副本是两个集合,原始集合中的所有元素都被复制。
我从下面几句话中理解到。
浅拷贝将对象的值类型(int, float, bool)字段复制到目标对象中,对象的引用类型(字符串,类等)被复制为目标对象中的引用。在此目标引用类型将指向源对象的内存位置。
深度复制将对象的值和引用类型复制到目标对象的完整新副本中。这意味着值类型和引用类型都将被分配一个新的内存位置。
深拷贝
深度复制复制所有字段,并复制由字段指向的动态分配的内存。当对象与其引用的对象一起复制时,就会发生深度复制。
浅拷贝
浅复制是对象的逐位复制。创建一个新对象,该对象具有原始对象中值的精确副本。如果对象的任何字段是对其他对象的引用,则只复制引用地址,即只复制内存地址。