出于某种原因，在下面的代码段中，构造函数委托似乎不起作用:
function NotImplementedError() {
Error.apply(this, arguments);
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error();
var nie = new NotImplementedError("some message");
console.log("The message is: '"+nie.message+"'")
运行该命令得到的消息是:"。有什么想法，为什么，或者是否有更好的方法来创建一个新的错误子类?是否有一个问题，应用到本机错误构造函数，我不知道?
当前回答
我也遇到过类似的问题。我的错误需要是error和NotImplemented的实例，它还需要在控制台中产生一致的回溯。
我的解决方案:
var NotImplemented = (function() {
var NotImplemented, err;
NotImplemented = (function() {
function NotImplemented(message) {
var err;
err = new Error(message);
err.name = "NotImplemented";
this.message = err.message;
if (err.stack) this.stack = err.stack;
}
return NotImplemented;
})();
err = new Error();
err.name = "NotImplemented";
NotImplemented.prototype = err;
return NotImplemented;
}).call(this);
// TEST:
console.log("instanceof Error: " + (new NotImplemented() instanceof Error));
console.log("instanceof NotImplemented: " + (new NotImplemented() instanceofNotImplemented));
console.log("message: "+(new NotImplemented('I was too busy').message));
throw new NotImplemented("just didn't feel like it");
使用node.js运行的结果:
instanceof Error: true
instanceof NotImplemented: true
message: I was too busy
/private/tmp/t.js:24
throw new NotImplemented("just didn't feel like it");
^
NotImplemented: just didn't feel like it
at Error.NotImplemented (/Users/colin/projects/gems/jax/t.js:6:13)
at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/colin/projects/gems/jax/t.js:24:7)
at Module._compile (module.js:449:26)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:467:10)
at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
at Module.runMain (module.js:487:10)
at process.startup.processNextTick.process._tickCallback (node.js:244:9)
该错误通过了我的所有3个标准，尽管stack属性是非标准的，但在大多数较新的浏览器中都支持它，这在我的情况下是可以接受的。
其他回答
function InvalidValueError(value, type) {
this.message = "Expected `" + type.name + "`: " + value;
var error = new Error(this.message);
this.stack = error.stack;
}
InvalidValueError.prototype = new Error();
InvalidValueError.prototype.name = InvalidValueError.name;
InvalidValueError.prototype.constructor = InvalidValueError;
我也遇到过类似的问题。我的错误需要是error和NotImplemented的实例，它还需要在控制台中产生一致的回溯。
我的解决方案:
var NotImplemented = (function() {
var NotImplemented, err;
NotImplemented = (function() {
function NotImplemented(message) {
var err;
err = new Error(message);
err.name = "NotImplemented";
this.message = err.message;
if (err.stack) this.stack = err.stack;
}
return NotImplemented;
})();
err = new Error();
err.name = "NotImplemented";
NotImplemented.prototype = err;
return NotImplemented;
}).call(this);
// TEST:
console.log("instanceof Error: " + (new NotImplemented() instanceof Error));
console.log("instanceof NotImplemented: " + (new NotImplemented() instanceofNotImplemented));
console.log("message: "+(new NotImplemented('I was too busy').message));
throw new NotImplemented("just didn't feel like it");
使用node.js运行的结果:
instanceof Error: true
instanceof NotImplemented: true
message: I was too busy
/private/tmp/t.js:24
throw new NotImplemented("just didn't feel like it");
^
NotImplemented: just didn't feel like it
at Error.NotImplemented (/Users/colin/projects/gems/jax/t.js:6:13)
at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/colin/projects/gems/jax/t.js:24:7)
at Module._compile (module.js:449:26)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:467:10)
at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
at Module.runMain (module.js:487:10)
at process.startup.processNextTick.process._tickCallback (node.js:244:9)
该错误通过了我的所有3个标准，尽管stack属性是非标准的，但在大多数较新的浏览器中都支持它，这在我的情况下是可以接受的。
以下是我支持es2015之前版本浏览器的解决方案。它不做任何花哨的原型调整，也不会破坏调试器。
/** Custom Errors
// Depends on underscore js
// This will declare an CustError() class in both 'this' and '_exports' namespaces
// ctor is optional
declare_cust_error(function CustError(){}, {ns: [this, _exports], ctor:
function cust_err_ctor(instance, clazz, name, msg, info){
q$.called(arguments)
}
})
// Usage:
// Second param (pojso) is optional
try {
throw CustError.create("foo", {k1: 'v1', k2: 'v2'})
}catch(ex){
if(CustError.is_inst(ex)){
console.error("its a CustError", ex)
} else {
throw ex
}
}
**/
function declare_cust_error(error_class, opts){
var p, c, cp
if(!error_class||!(p=error_class.prototype))throw new Error("error_class must be a Class")
try{
c = p.constructor; cp = c.toString()
}catch(ex){}
if(!cp || cp.indexOf('function ') != 0 || cp.indexOf('[native code]') > 0)
throw new Error("error_class must be a classic proto class (pre-es6) but got: " + error_class.toString())
opts=opts||{}
error_class.__is_cust_error__ = true
error_class.__cust_error_name__ = c.name
error_class.create = function cust_error_create(msg, info){
var instance = new Error(msg)
instance.info = info
instance.__is_cust_error__ = true
instance.__cust_error_name__ = c.name
if(_.isFunction(opts.ctor)){
opts.ctor(instance, error_class, c.name, msg, info)
}
return instance
}
error_class.is_inst = function cust_error_is_inst(instanace){
return ( (instanace instanceof Error) && instanace.__cust_error_name__ === error_class.__cust_error_name__ )
}
// Declare error in namespace(s)
_.each(_.isArray(opts.ns)?opts.ns:[opts.ns], function(ns){ ns[c.name] = error_class })
return error_class
}
如果有人想知道如何创建一个自定义错误并获得堆栈跟踪:
function CustomError(message) {
this.name = 'CustomError';
this.message = message || '';
var error = new Error(this.message);
error.name = this.name;
this.stack = error.stack;
}
CustomError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
try {
throw new CustomError('foobar');
}
catch (e) {
console.log('name:', e.name);
console.log('message:', e.message);
console.log('stack:', e.stack);
}
MDN有一个很好的例子:
try {
throw new Error('Whoops!');
} catch (e) {
console.log(e.name + ': ' + e.message);
}
