出于某种原因,在下面的代码段中,构造函数委托似乎不起作用:
function NotImplementedError() {
Error.apply(this, arguments);
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error();
var nie = new NotImplementedError("some message");
console.log("The message is: '"+nie.message+"'")
运行该命令得到的消息是:"。有什么想法,为什么,或者是否有更好的方法来创建一个新的错误子类?是否有一个问题,应用到本机错误构造函数,我不知道?
这是我的实现:
class HttpError extends Error {
constructor(message, code = null, status = null, stack = null, name = null) {
super();
this.message = message;
this.status = 500;
this.name = name || this.constructor.name;
this.code = code || `E_${this.name.toUpperCase()}`;
this.stack = stack || null;
}
static fromObject(error) {
if (error instanceof HttpError) {
return error;
}
else {
const { message, code, status, stack } = error;
return new ServerError(message, code, status, stack, error.constructor.name);
}
}
expose() {
if (this instanceof ClientError) {
return { ...this };
}
else {
return {
name: this.name,
code: this.code,
status: this.status,
}
}
}
}
class ServerError extends HttpError {}
class ClientError extends HttpError { }
class IncorrectCredentials extends ClientError {
constructor(...args) {
super(...args);
this.status = 400;
}
}
class ResourceNotFound extends ClientError {
constructor(...args) {
super(...args);
this.status = 404;
}
}
示例用法#1:
app.use((req, res, next) => {
try {
invalidFunction();
}
catch (err) {
const error = HttpError.fromObject(err);
return res.status(error.status).send(error.expose());
}
});
示例用法#2:
router.post('/api/auth', async (req, res) => {
try {
const isLogged = await User.logIn(req.body.username, req.body.password);
if (!isLogged) {
throw new IncorrectCredentials('Incorrect username or password');
}
else {
return res.status(200).send({
token,
});
}
}
catch (err) {
const error = HttpError.fromObject(err);
return res.status(error.status).send(error.expose());
}
});
以下是我支持es2015之前版本浏览器的解决方案。它不做任何花哨的原型调整,也不会破坏调试器。
/** Custom Errors
// Depends on underscore js
// This will declare an CustError() class in both 'this' and '_exports' namespaces
// ctor is optional
declare_cust_error(function CustError(){}, {ns: [this, _exports], ctor:
function cust_err_ctor(instance, clazz, name, msg, info){
q$.called(arguments)
}
})
// Usage:
// Second param (pojso) is optional
try {
throw CustError.create("foo", {k1: 'v1', k2: 'v2'})
}catch(ex){
if(CustError.is_inst(ex)){
console.error("its a CustError", ex)
} else {
throw ex
}
}
**/
function declare_cust_error(error_class, opts){
var p, c, cp
if(!error_class||!(p=error_class.prototype))throw new Error("error_class must be a Class")
try{
c = p.constructor; cp = c.toString()
}catch(ex){}
if(!cp || cp.indexOf('function ') != 0 || cp.indexOf('[native code]') > 0)
throw new Error("error_class must be a classic proto class (pre-es6) but got: " + error_class.toString())
opts=opts||{}
error_class.__is_cust_error__ = true
error_class.__cust_error_name__ = c.name
error_class.create = function cust_error_create(msg, info){
var instance = new Error(msg)
instance.info = info
instance.__is_cust_error__ = true
instance.__cust_error_name__ = c.name
if(_.isFunction(opts.ctor)){
opts.ctor(instance, error_class, c.name, msg, info)
}
return instance
}
error_class.is_inst = function cust_error_is_inst(instanace){
return ( (instanace instanceof Error) && instanace.__cust_error_name__ === error_class.__cust_error_name__ )
}
// Declare error in namespace(s)
_.each(_.isArray(opts.ns)?opts.ns:[opts.ns], function(ns){ ns[c.name] = error_class })
return error_class
}
更新代码,将原型分配给Error。Prototype和instanceof以及你的断言工作。
function NotImplementedError(message = "") {
this.name = "NotImplementedError";
this.message = message;
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = Error.prototype;
不过,我会抛出你自己的对象并检查name属性。
throw {name : "NotImplementedError", message : "too lazy to implement"};
根据评论进行编辑
在看了评论并试图记住为什么我将prototype分配给Error后。而不是像Nicholas Zakas在他的文章中所做的new Error(),我用下面的代码创建了一个jsFiddle:
function NotImplementedError(message = "") {
this.name = "NotImplementedError";
this.message = message;
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = Error.prototype;
function NotImplementedError2(message = "") {
this.message = message;
}
NotImplementedError2.prototype = new Error();
try {
var e = new NotImplementedError("NotImplementedError message");
throw e;
} catch (ex1) {
console.log(ex1.stack);
console.log("ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError = " + (ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError));
console.log("ex1 instanceof Error = " + (ex1 instanceof Error));
console.log("ex1.name = " + ex1.name);
console.log("ex1.message = " + ex1.message);
}
try {
var e = new NotImplementedError2("NotImplementedError2 message");
throw e;
} catch (ex1) {
console.log(ex1.stack);
console.log("ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError2 = " + (ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError2));
console.log("ex1 instanceof Error = " + (ex1 instanceof Error));
console.log("ex1.name = " + ex1.name);
console.log("ex1.message = " + ex1.message);
}
控制台输出如下。
undefined
ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError = true
ex1 instanceof Error = true
ex1.name = NotImplementedError
ex1.message = NotImplementedError message
Error
at window.onload (http://fiddle.jshell.net/MwMEJ/show/:29:34)
ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError2 = true
ex1 instanceof Error = true
ex1.name = Error
ex1.message = NotImplementedError2 message
这证实了我遇到的“问题”是错误的堆栈属性是创建new error()的行号,而不是抛出e发生的地方。然而,这可能比NotImplementedError.prototype.name = "NotImplementedError"行影响Error对象的副作用要好。
另外,注意NotImplementedError2,当我没有显式地设置.name时,它等于“Error”。然而,正如评论中提到的,因为该版本将prototype设置为new Error(),所以我可以设置NotImplementedError2.prototype.name = "NotImplementedError2"并OK。