这是最快的方法:

    let thisVar = false

    if (thisVar === false) {
            throw new Error("thisVar is false. It should be true.")
    }

以上所有的答案都很糟糕，真的。即使是107个向上的那个!真正的答案在这里:

从Error对象继承- message属性在哪里?

TL; diana:

a .没有设置message的原因是Error是一个函数，它返回一个新的Error对象，并且不以任何方式操作它。

B.正确的方法是从构造函数返回apply的结果，以及以通常复杂的javascript方式设置原型:

function MyError() { var temp = Error.apply(this, arguments); temp.name = this.name = 'MyError'; this.message = temp.message; if(Object.defineProperty) { // getter for more optimizy goodness /*this.stack = */Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', { get: function() { return temp.stack }, configurable: true // so you can change it if you want }) } else { this.stack = temp.stack } } //inherit prototype using ECMAScript 5 (IE 9+) MyError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, { constructor: { value: MyError, writable: true, configurable: true } }); var myError = new MyError("message"); console.log("The message is: '" + myError.message + "'"); // The message is: 'message' console.log(myError instanceof Error); // true console.log(myError instanceof MyError); // true console.log(myError.toString()); // MyError: message console.log(myError.stack); // MyError: message \n // <stack trace ...> //for EMCAScript 4 or ealier (IE 8 or ealier), inherit prototype this way instead of above code: /* var IntermediateInheritor = function() {}; IntermediateInheritor.prototype = Error.prototype; MyError.prototype = new IntermediateInheritor(); */

您可能会使用一些技巧来枚举tmp Error的所有不可枚举属性来设置它们，而不是显式地只设置stack和message，但是ie<9不支持这种技巧

如果你使用Node/Chrome。下面的代码片段将为您提供满足以下要求的扩展。

err instanceof Error err instanceof CustomErrorType console.log() returns [CustomErrorType] when created with a message console.log() returns [CustomErrorType: message] when created without a message throw/stack provides the information at the point the error was created. Works optimally in Node.JS, and Chrome. Will pass instanceof checks in Chrome, Safari, Firefox and IE 8+, but will not have a valid stack outside of Chrome/Safari. I'm OK with that because I can debug in chrome, but code which requires specific error types will still function cross browser. If you need Node only you can easily remove the if statements and you're good to go.

片段

var CustomErrorType = function(message) {
    if (Object.defineProperty) {
        Object.defineProperty(this, "message", {
            value : message || "",
            enumerable : false
        });
    } else {
        this.message = message;
    }

    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
        Error.captureStackTrace(this, CustomErrorType);
    }
}

CustomErrorType.prototype = new Error();
CustomErrorType.prototype.name = "CustomErrorType";

使用

var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");

输出

var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");
console.log(err);
console.log(err.stack);

[CustomErrorType: foo]
CustomErrorType: foo
    at Object.<anonymous> (/errorTest.js:27:12)
    at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
    at startup (node.js:119:16)
    at node.js:906:3

/errorTest.js:30
        throw err;
              ^
CustomErrorType: foo
    at Object.<anonymous> (/errorTest.js:27:12)
    at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
    at startup (node.js:119:16)
    at node.js:906:3

MDN有一个很好的例子:

try {
  throw new Error('Whoops!');
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e.name + ': ' + e.message);
}

这在Cesium DeveloperError中很好地实现了:

文档 源

它的简化形式是:

var NotImplementedError = function(message) {
    this.name = 'NotImplementedError';
    this.message = message;
    this.stack = (new Error()).stack;
}

// Later on...

throw new NotImplementedError();

以下是Mozilla官方文档中的错误。

function NotImplementedError(message) {
    var instance = new Error(message);
    instance.name = 'NotImplementedError';

    Object.setPrototypeOf(instance, Object.getPrototypeOf(this));
    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
        Error.captureStackTrace(instance, NotImplementedError);
    }
    return instance;
}

NotImplementedError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
    constructor: {
        value: Error,
        enumerable: false,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true
    }
});