出于某种原因,在下面的代码段中,构造函数委托似乎不起作用:

function NotImplementedError() { 
  Error.apply(this, arguments); 
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error();

var nie = new NotImplementedError("some message");
console.log("The message is: '"+nie.message+"'")

运行该命令得到的消息是:"。有什么想法,为什么,或者是否有更好的方法来创建一个新的错误子类?是否有一个问题,应用到本机错误构造函数,我不知道?


当前回答

这是最快的方法:

    let thisVar = false

    if (thisVar === false) {
            throw new Error("thisVar is false. It should be true.")
    }

其他回答

这部分的标准可以解释为什么错误。Apply调用不会初始化对象:

15.11.1错误构造函数作为函数调用 当Error作为函数而不是构造函数调用时,它会创建和 初始化一个新的Error对象。因此函数调用Error(…)是 等价于对象创建表达式new Error(… 相同的参数。

在这种情况下,Error函数可能确定它没有作为构造函数被调用,因此它返回一个新的Error实例,而不是初始化this对象。

用下面的代码进行测试似乎证明了这就是实际发生的情况:

function NotImplementedError() { 
   var returned = Error.apply(this, arguments);
   console.log("returned.message = '" + returned.message + "'");
   console.log("this.message = '" + this.message + "'");
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error();

var nie = new NotImplementedError("some message");

运行此命令时输出如下:

returned.message = 'some message'
this.message = ''

根据Joyent的说法,你不应该乱搞堆栈属性(我在这里给出的很多答案中看到了),因为它会对性能产生负面影响。他们是这么说的:

Stack:一般来说,不要搞砸这个。甚至不要扩大它。V8只在有人实际读取属性时才计算它,这极大地提高了可处理错误的性能。如果读取属性只是为了扩充它,即使调用者不需要堆栈,最终也会付出代价。

我喜欢并想要提到他们的想法,包装原始错误,这是一个很好的替代传递堆栈。

下面是我如何创建一个自定义错误,考虑到上面提到的:

es5版本:

function RError(options) { options = options || {}; // eslint-disable-line no-param-reassign this.name = options.name; this.message = options.message; this.cause = options.cause; // capture stack (this property is supposed to be treated as private) this._err = new Error(); // create an iterable chain this.chain = this.cause ? [this].concat(this.cause.chain) : [this]; } RError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, { constructor: { value: RError, writable: true, configurable: true } }); Object.defineProperty(RError.prototype, 'stack', { get: function stack() { return this.name + ': ' + this.message + '\n' + this._err.stack.split('\n').slice(2).join('\n'); } }); Object.defineProperty(RError.prototype, 'why', { get: function why() { var _why = this.name + ': ' + this.message; for (var i = 1; i < this.chain.length; i++) { var e = this.chain[i]; _why += ' <- ' + e.name + ': ' + e.message; } return _why; } }); // usage function fail() { throw new RError({ name: 'BAR', message: 'I messed up.' }); } function failFurther() { try { fail(); } catch (err) { throw new RError({ name: 'FOO', message: 'Something went wrong.', cause: err }); } } try { failFurther(); } catch (err) { console.error(err.why); console.error(err.stack); console.error(err.cause.stack); }

es6版本:

class RError extends Error { constructor({name, message, cause}) { super(); this.name = name; this.message = message; this.cause = cause; } [Symbol.iterator]() { let current = this; let done = false; const iterator = { next() { const val = current; if (done) { return { value: val, done: true }; } current = current.cause; if (!val.cause) { done = true; } return { value: val, done: false }; } }; return iterator; } get why() { let _why = ''; for (const e of this) { _why += `${_why.length ? ' <- ' : ''}${e.name}: ${e.message}`; } return _why; } } // usage function fail() { throw new RError({ name: 'BAR', message: 'I messed up.' }); } function failFurther() { try { fail(); } catch (err) { throw new RError({ name: 'FOO', message: 'Something went wrong.', cause: err }); } } try { failFurther(); } catch (err) { console.error(err.why); console.error(err.stack); console.error(err.cause.stack); }

我已经把我的解决方案放到了一个模块中,这里是:https://www.npmjs.com/package/rerror

如果你使用Node/Chrome。下面的代码片段将为您提供满足以下要求的扩展。

err instanceof Error err instanceof CustomErrorType console.log() returns [CustomErrorType] when created with a message console.log() returns [CustomErrorType: message] when created without a message throw/stack provides the information at the point the error was created. Works optimally in Node.JS, and Chrome. Will pass instanceof checks in Chrome, Safari, Firefox and IE 8+, but will not have a valid stack outside of Chrome/Safari. I'm OK with that because I can debug in chrome, but code which requires specific error types will still function cross browser. If you need Node only you can easily remove the if statements and you're good to go.

片段

var CustomErrorType = function(message) {
    if (Object.defineProperty) {
        Object.defineProperty(this, "message", {
            value : message || "",
            enumerable : false
        });
    } else {
        this.message = message;
    }

    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
        Error.captureStackTrace(this, CustomErrorType);
    }
}

CustomErrorType.prototype = new Error();
CustomErrorType.prototype.name = "CustomErrorType";

使用

var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");

输出

var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");
console.log(err);
console.log(err.stack);

[CustomErrorType: foo]
CustomErrorType: foo
    at Object.<anonymous> (/errorTest.js:27:12)
    at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
    at startup (node.js:119:16)
    at node.js:906:3

/errorTest.js:30
        throw err;
              ^
CustomErrorType: foo
    at Object.<anonymous> (/errorTest.js:27:12)
    at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
    at startup (node.js:119:16)
    at node.js:906:3

尝试为用户定义的错误类型的每个实例创建一个新的原型对象。它允许instanceof检查像往常一样运行,并且在Firefox和V8 (Chome, nodejs)中正确报告类型和消息。

function NotImplementedError(message){
    if(NotImplementedError.innercall===undefined){
        NotImplementedError.innercall = true;
        NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error(message);
        NotImplementedError.prototype.name = "NotImplementedError";
        NotImplementedError.prototype.constructor = NotImplementedError;

        return new NotImplementedError(message);
    }
    delete NotImplementedError.innercall;
}

注意,一个额外的条目将在正确的堆栈之前。

class NotImplementedError extends Error {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message);
    this.message = message;
  }
}
NotImplementedError.prototype.name = 'NotImplementedError';
module.exports = NotImplementedError;

and

try {
  var e = new NotImplementedError("NotImplementedError message");
  throw e;
} catch (ex1) {
  console.log(ex1.stack);
  console.log("ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError = " + (ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError));
  console.log("ex1 instanceof Error = " + (ex1 instanceof Error));
  console.log("ex1.name = " + ex1.name);
  console.log("ex1.message = " + ex1.message);
}

它只是这个答案的一个类表示。

输出

NotImplementedError: NotImplementedError message
  ...stacktrace
ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError = true
ex1 instanceof Error = true
ex1.name = NotImplementedError
ex1.message = NotImplementedError message