今天我将深入学习状态设计模式。 我做了并测试了ThreadState，它等于c#中的线程(+/-)，如图所示

你可以很容易地添加新的状态，配置从一个状态移动到另一个状态是非常容易的，因为它封装在状态实现中

实现和使用at:实现。net ThreadState by State设计模式

在网上找到了这个很棒的教程，它帮助我理解了有限状态机。

http://gamedevelopment.tutsplus.com/tutorials/finite-state-machines-theory-and-implementation--gamedev-11867

本教程是语言无关的，所以它可以很容易地适应您的c#需求。

而且，所使用的例子(一只蚂蚁寻找食物)很容易理解。

来自教程:

public class FSM {
    private var activeState :Function; // points to the currently active state function

    public function FSM() {
    }

    public function setState(state :Function) :void {
        activeState = state;
    }

    public function update() :void {
        if (activeState != null) {
            activeState();
        }
    }
}


public class Ant
{
    public var position   :Vector3D;
    public var velocity   :Vector3D;
    public var brain      :FSM;

    public function Ant(posX :Number, posY :Number) {
        position    = new Vector3D(posX, posY);
        velocity    = new Vector3D( -1, -1);
        brain       = new FSM();

        // Tell the brain to start looking for the leaf.
        brain.setState(findLeaf);
    }

    /**
    * The "findLeaf" state.
    * It makes the ant move towards the leaf.
    */
    public function findLeaf() :void {
        // Move the ant towards the leaf.
        velocity = new Vector3D(Game.instance.leaf.x - position.x, Game.instance.leaf.y - position.y);

        if (distance(Game.instance.leaf, this) <= 10) {
            // The ant is extremelly close to the leaf, it's time
            // to go home.
            brain.setState(goHome);
        }

        if (distance(Game.mouse, this) <= MOUSE_THREAT_RADIUS) {
            // Mouse cursor is threatening us. Let's run away!
            // It will make the brain start calling runAway() from
            // now on.
            brain.setState(runAway);
        }
    }

    /**
    * The "goHome" state.
    * It makes the ant move towards its home.
    */
    public function goHome() :void {
        // Move the ant towards home
        velocity = new Vector3D(Game.instance.home.x - position.x, Game.instance.home.y - position.y);

        if (distance(Game.instance.home, this) <= 10) {
            // The ant is home, let's find the leaf again.
            brain.setState(findLeaf);
        }
    }

    /**
    * The "runAway" state.
    * It makes the ant run away from the mouse cursor.
    */
    public function runAway() :void {
        // Move the ant away from the mouse cursor
        velocity = new Vector3D(position.x - Game.mouse.x, position.y - Game.mouse.y);

        // Is the mouse cursor still close?
        if (distance(Game.mouse, this) > MOUSE_THREAT_RADIUS) {
            // No, the mouse cursor has gone away. Let's go back looking for the leaf.
            brain.setState(findLeaf);
        }
    }

    public function update():void {
        // Update the FSM controlling the "brain". It will invoke the currently
        // active state function: findLeaf(), goHome() or runAway().
        brain.update();

        // Apply the velocity vector to the position, making the ant move.
        moveBasedOnVelocity();
    }

    (...)
}

我推荐state.cs。我个人使用state.js (JavaScript版本)，并且非常满意。c#版本以类似的方式工作。

你实例化状态:

        // create the state machine
        var player = new StateMachine<State>( "player" );

        // create some states
        var initial = player.CreatePseudoState( "initial", PseudoStateKind.Initial );
        var operational = player.CreateCompositeState( "operational" );
        ...

你实例化了一些转换:

        var t0 = player.CreateTransition( initial, operational );
        player.CreateTransition( history, stopped );
        player.CreateTransition<String>( stopped, running, ( state, command ) => command.Equals( "play" ) );
        player.CreateTransition<String>( active, stopped, ( state, command ) => command.Equals( "stop" ) );

在状态和转场上定义动作:

    t0.Effect += DisengageHead;
    t0.Effect += StopMotor;

差不多就是这样了。更多信息请查看网站。

当我使用像RabbitMQ或Rabbit这样的消息代理时，我也很难使用状态机。

我制作这个视频是为了帮助别人。

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vwfngk0YhLs&t=11s&ab_channel=GarryTaylor

代码来自这个Github回购

https://github.com/welhell/masstransit-saga-example

您可以编写一个迭代器块，使您能够以编排的方式执行代码块。代码块是如何分解的并不一定要对应于任何东西，这只是你想要如何编码它。例如:

IEnumerable<int> CountToTen()
{
    System.Console.WriteLine("1");
    yield return 0;
    System.Console.WriteLine("2");
    System.Console.WriteLine("3");
    System.Console.WriteLine("4");
    yield return 0;
    System.Console.WriteLine("5");
    System.Console.WriteLine("6");
    System.Console.WriteLine("7");
    yield return 0;
    System.Console.WriteLine("8");
    yield return 0;
    System.Console.WriteLine("9");
    System.Console.WriteLine("10");
}

在本例中，当调用CountToTen时，还没有实际执行任何东西。您得到的实际上是一个状态机生成器，您可以为它创建一个状态机的新实例。可以通过调用GetEnumerator()来实现。生成的IEnumerator实际上是一个状态机，您可以通过调用MoveNext(…)来驱动它。

因此，在本例中，第一次调用MoveNext(…)时，您将看到“1”写入控制台，下一次调用MoveNext(…)时，您将看到2、3、4，然后是5、6、7、8，然后是9、10。正如您所看到的，这是一种编排事情应该如何发生的有用机制。

我用朱莉叶的代码做了这个通用状态机。这对我来说非常有效。

以下是好处:

你可以用两个枚举TState和TCommand在代码中创建新的状态机， 增加了struct TransitionResult<TState>以更好地控制[Try]GetNext()方法的输出结果 只通过AddTransition(TState, TCommand, TState)暴露嵌套类StateTransition，使其更容易使用

代码:

public class StateMachine<TState, TCommand>
    where TState : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
    where TCommand : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
{
    protected class StateTransition<TS, TC>
        where TS : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
        where TC : struct, IConvertible, IComparable
    {
        readonly TS CurrentState;
        readonly TC Command;

        public StateTransition(TS currentState, TC command)
        {
            if (!typeof(TS).IsEnum || !typeof(TC).IsEnum)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("TS,TC must be an enumerated type");
            }

            CurrentState = currentState;
            Command = command;
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return 17 + 31 * CurrentState.GetHashCode() + 31 * Command.GetHashCode();
        }

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            StateTransition<TS, TC> other = obj as StateTransition<TS, TC>;
            return other != null
                && this.CurrentState.CompareTo(other.CurrentState) == 0
                && this.Command.CompareTo(other.Command) == 0;
        }
    }

    private Dictionary<StateTransition<TState, TCommand>, TState> transitions;
    public TState CurrentState { get; private set; }

    protected StateMachine(TState initialState)
    {
        if (!typeof(TState).IsEnum || !typeof(TCommand).IsEnum)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("TState,TCommand must be an enumerated type");
        }

        CurrentState = initialState;
        transitions = new Dictionary<StateTransition<TState, TCommand>, TState>();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Defines a new transition inside this state machine
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="start">source state</param>
    /// <param name="command">transition condition</param>
    /// <param name="end">destination state</param>
    protected void AddTransition(TState start, TCommand command, TState end)
    {
        transitions.Add(new StateTransition<TState, TCommand>(start, command), end);
    }

    public TransitionResult<TState> TryGetNext(TCommand command)
    {
        StateTransition<TState, TCommand> transition = new StateTransition<TState, TCommand>(CurrentState, command);
        TState nextState;
        if (transitions.TryGetValue(transition, out nextState))
            return new TransitionResult<TState>(nextState, true);
        else
            return new TransitionResult<TState>(CurrentState, false);
    }

    public TransitionResult<TState> MoveNext(TCommand command)
    {
        var result = TryGetNext(command);
        if(result.IsValid)
        {
            //changes state
            CurrentState = result.NewState;
        }
        return result;
    }
}

这是TryGetNext方法的返回类型:

public struct TransitionResult<TState>
{
    public TransitionResult(TState newState, bool isValid)
    {
        NewState = newState;
        IsValid = isValid;
    }
    public TState NewState;
    public bool IsValid;
}

使用方法:

这是你如何从泛型类创建一个OnlineDiscountStateMachine:

为其状态定义一个enum OnlineDiscountState，为其命令定义一个enum OnlineDiscountCommand。

使用这两个枚举定义从泛型类派生的类OnlineDiscountStateMachine

从base(OnlineDiscountState. initialstate)派生构造函数，以便初始状态被设置为OnlineDiscountState。InitialState

根据需要多次使用AddTransition

public class OnlineDiscountStateMachine : StateMachine<OnlineDiscountState, OnlineDiscountCommand>
{
    public OnlineDiscountStateMachine() : base(OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected)
    {
        AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected, OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect, OnlineDiscountState.Connected);
        AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected, OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect, OnlineDiscountState.Error_AuthenticationError);
        AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.Connected, OnlineDiscountCommand.Submit, OnlineDiscountState.WaitingForResponse);
        AddTransition(OnlineDiscountState.WaitingForResponse, OnlineDiscountCommand.DataReceived, OnlineDiscountState.Disconnected);
    }
}

使用派生状态机

    odsm = new OnlineDiscountStateMachine();
    public void Connect()
    {
        var result = odsm.TryGetNext(OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect);

        //is result valid?
        if (!result.IsValid)
            //if this happens you need to add transitions to the state machine
            //in this case result.NewState is the same as before
            Console.WriteLine("cannot navigate from this state using OnlineDiscountCommand.Connect");

        //the transition was successfull
        //show messages for new states
        else if(result.NewState == OnlineDiscountState.Error_AuthenticationError)
            Console.WriteLine("invalid user/pass");
        else if(result.NewState == OnlineDiscountState.Connected)
            Console.WriteLine("Connected");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("not implemented transition result for " + result.NewState);
    }