我有一组整数。我想用动态规划的方法求出这个集合的最长递增子序列。
当前回答
c++中最简单的LIS解决方案,具有O(nlog(n))时间复杂度
#include <iostream>
#include "vector"
using namespace std;
// binary search (If value not found then it will return the index where the value should be inserted)
int ceilBinarySearch(vector<int> &a,int beg,int end,int value)
{
if(beg<=end)
{
int mid = (beg+end)/2;
if(a[mid] == value)
return mid;
else if(value < a[mid])
return ceilBinarySearch(a,beg,mid-1,value);
else
return ceilBinarySearch(a,mid+1,end,value);
return 0;
}
return beg;
}
int lis(vector<int> arr)
{
vector<int> dp(arr.size(),0);
int len = 0;
for(int i = 0;i<arr.size();i++)
{
int j = ceilBinarySearch(dp,0,len-1,arr[i]);
dp[j] = arr[i];
if(j == len)
len++;
}
return len;
}
int main()
{
vector<int> arr {2, 5,-1,0,6,1,2};
cout<<lis(arr);
return 0;
}
输出: 4
其他回答
这是另一个O(n²)JAVA实现。不需要递归/记忆来生成实际的子序列。只是一个字符串数组,存储每个阶段的实际LIS和一个数组,存储每个元素的LIS的长度。非常简单。看看吧:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
/**
* Created by Shreyans on 4/16/2015
*/
class LNG_INC_SUB//Longest Increasing Subsequence
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("Enter Numbers Separated by Spaces to find their LIS\n");
String[] s1=br.readLine().split(" ");
int n=s1.length;
int[] a=new int[n];//Array actual of Numbers
String []ls=new String[n];// Array of Strings to maintain LIS for every element
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
a[i]=Integer.parseInt(s1[i]);
}
int[]dp=new int[n];//Storing length of max subseq.
int max=dp[0]=1;//Defaults
String seq=ls[0]=s1[0];//Defaults
for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
{
dp[i]=1;
String x="";
for(int j=i-1;j>=0;j--)
{
//First check if number at index j is less than num at i.
// Second the length of that DP should be greater than dp[i]
// -1 since dp of previous could also be one. So we compare the dp[i] as empty initially
if(a[j]<a[i]&&dp[j]>dp[i]-1)
{
dp[i]=dp[j]+1;//Assigning temp length of LIS. There may come along a bigger LIS of a future a[j]
x=ls[j];//Assigning temp LIS of a[j]. Will append a[i] later on
}
}
x+=(" "+a[i]);
ls[i]=x;
if(dp[i]>max)
{
max=dp[i];
seq=ls[i];
}
}
System.out.println("Length of LIS is: " + max + "\nThe Sequence is: " + seq);
}
}
实际代码:http://ideone.com/sBiOQx
O(n²)java实现:
void LIS(int arr[]){
int maxCount[]=new int[arr.length];
int link[]=new int[arr.length];
int maxI=0;
link[0]=0;
maxCount[0]=0;
for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if(arr[j]<arr[i] && ((maxCount[j]+1)>maxCount[i])){
maxCount[i]=maxCount[j]+1;
link[i]=j;
if(maxCount[i]>maxCount[maxI]){
maxI=i;
}
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < link.length; i++) {
System.out.println(arr[i]+" "+link[i]);
}
print(arr,maxI,link);
}
void print(int arr[],int index,int link[]){
if(link[index]==index){
System.out.println(arr[index]+" ");
return;
}else{
print(arr, link[index], link);
System.out.println(arr[index]+" ");
}
}
这是一个O(n²)的Java实现。我只是没有使用二分搜索来找到S中最小的元素,它是>= than x,我只是使用了一个for循环。使用二分搜索将使复杂度为O(n logn)
public static void olis(int[] seq){
int[] memo = new int[seq.length];
memo[0] = seq[0];
int pos = 0;
for (int i=1; i<seq.length; i++){
int x = seq[i];
if (memo[pos] < x){
pos++;
memo[pos] = x;
} else {
for(int j=0; j<=pos; j++){
if (memo[j] >= x){
memo[j] = x;
break;
}
}
}
//just to print every step
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(memo));
}
//the final array with the LIS
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(memo));
System.out.println("The length of lis is " + (pos + 1));
}
说到DP solution,我发现很奇怪的是没有人提到LIS可以简化为LCS。你所需要做的就是对原始序列的副本进行排序,删除所有重复的副本,然后对它们进行LCS。在伪代码中是:
def LIS(S):
T = sort(S)
T = removeDuplicates(T)
return LCS(S, T)
以及用Go语言编写的完整实现。如果你不需要重构解,你就不需要维护整个n^2 DP矩阵。
func lcs(arr1 []int) int {
arr2 := make([]int, len(arr1))
for i, v := range arr1 {
arr2[i] = v
}
sort.Ints(arr1)
arr3 := []int{}
prev := arr1[0] - 1
for _, v := range arr1 {
if v != prev {
prev = v
arr3 = append(arr3, v)
}
}
n1, n2 := len(arr1), len(arr3)
M := make([][]int, n2 + 1)
e := make([]int, (n1 + 1) * (n2 + 1))
for i := range M {
M[i] = e[i * (n1 + 1):(i + 1) * (n1 + 1)]
}
for i := 1; i <= n2; i++ {
for j := 1; j <= n1; j++ {
if arr2[j - 1] == arr3[i - 1] {
M[i][j] = M[i - 1][j - 1] + 1
} else if M[i - 1][j] > M[i][j - 1] {
M[i][j] = M[i - 1][j]
} else {
M[i][j] = M[i][j - 1]
}
}
}
return M[n2][n1]
}
用Java签出包含数组元素的最长递增子序列的代码
http://ideone.com/Nd2eba
/**
** Java Program to implement Longest Increasing Subsequence Algorithm
**/
import java.util.Scanner;
/** Class LongestIncreasingSubsequence **/
class LongestIncreasingSubsequence
{
/** function lis **/
public int[] lis(int[] X)
{
int n = X.length - 1;
int[] M = new int[n + 1];
int[] P = new int[n + 1];
int L = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; i++)
{
int j = 0;
/** Linear search applied here. Binary Search can be applied too.
binary search for the largest positive j <= L such that
X[M[j]] < X[i] (or set j = 0 if no such value exists) **/
for (int pos = L ; pos >= 1; pos--)
{
if (X[M[pos]] < X[i])
{
j = pos;
break;
}
}
P[i] = M[j];
if (j == L || X[i] < X[M[j + 1]])
{
M[j + 1] = i;
L = Math.max(L,j + 1);
}
}
/** backtrack **/
int[] result = new int[L];
int pos = M[L];
for (int i = L - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
result[i] = X[pos];
pos = P[pos];
}
return result;
}
/** Main Function **/
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Longest Increasing Subsequence Algorithm Test\n");
System.out.println("Enter number of elements");
int n = scan.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n + 1];
System.out.println("\nEnter "+ n +" elements");
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
arr[i] = scan.nextInt();
LongestIncreasingSubsequence obj = new LongestIncreasingSubsequence();
int[] result = obj.lis(arr);
/** print result **/
System.out.print("\nLongest Increasing Subsequence : ");
for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++)
System.out.print(result[i] +" ");
System.out.println();
}
}