我现在听到的建议是使用WeakMaps来保存私人数据，以供其他看客参考。

下面是一个更清晰、有效的例子:

function storePrivateProperties(a, b, c, d) {
  let privateData = new WeakMap;
  // unique object as key, weak map can only accept object as key, when key is no longer referened, garbage collector claims the key-value 
  let keyA = {}, keyB = {}, keyC = {}, keyD = {};

  privateData.set(keyA, a);
  privateData.set(keyB, b);
  privateData.set(keyC, c);
  privateData.set(keyD, d);

  return {
    logPrivateKey(key) {
      switch(key) {
      case "a":
        console.log(privateData.get(keyA));
        break;
      case "b":
        console.log(privateData.get(keyB));
        break;
      case "c":
        console.log(privateData.get(keyC));
        break;
      case "d":
        console.log(privateData.set(keyD));
        break;
      default:
        console.log(`There is no value for ${key}`)
      }
    }
  }
}

更新:看别人的回答，这个已经过时了。

简单的回答，不，ES6类不支持私有属性。

但是你可以模仿这种行为，不将新属性附加到对象，而是将它们保存在类构造函数中，并使用getter和setter来获取隐藏的属性。注意，在类的每个新实例上重新定义getter和setter。

ES6

class Person {
    constructor(name) {
        var _name = name
        this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
        this.getName = function() { return _name; }
    }
}

ES5

function Person(name) {
    var _name = name
    this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
    this.getName = function() { return _name; }
}

Yes totally can, and pretty easily too. This is done by exposing your private variables and functions by returning the prototype object graph in the constructor. This is nothing new, but take a bit of js foo to understand the elegance of it. This way does not use global scoped, or weakmaps. It is a form of reflection built into the language. Depending on how you leverage this; one can either force an exception which interrupts the call stack, or bury the exception as an undefined. This is demonstarted below, and can read more about these features here

class Clazz { constructor() { var _level = 1 function _private(x) { return _level * x; } return { level: _level, public: this.private, public2: function(x) { return _private(x); }, public3: function(x) { return _private(x) * this.public(x); }, }; } private(x) { return x * x; } } var clazz = new Clazz(); console.log(clazz._level); //undefined console.log(clazz._private); // undefined console.log(clazz.level); // 1 console.log(clazz.public(1)); //1 console.log(clazz.public2(2)); //2 console.log(clazz.public3(3)); //27 console.log(clazz.private(0)); //error

我现在听到的建议是使用WeakMaps来保存私人数据，以供其他看客参考。

下面是一个更清晰、有效的例子:

function storePrivateProperties(a, b, c, d) {
  let privateData = new WeakMap;
  // unique object as key, weak map can only accept object as key, when key is no longer referened, garbage collector claims the key-value 
  let keyA = {}, keyB = {}, keyC = {}, keyD = {};

  privateData.set(keyA, a);
  privateData.set(keyB, b);
  privateData.set(keyC, c);
  privateData.set(keyD, d);

  return {
    logPrivateKey(key) {
      switch(key) {
      case "a":
        console.log(privateData.get(keyA));
        break;
      case "b":
        console.log(privateData.get(keyB));
        break;
      case "c":
        console.log(privateData.get(keyC));
        break;
      case "d":
        console.log(privateData.set(keyD));
        break;
      default:
        console.log(`There is no value for ${key}`)
      }
    }
  }
}

我意识到这里有很多答案。我想分享我的解决方案，它确保了ES6类和旧JS中真正的私有变量。

var MyClass = (function() {
    var $ = new WeakMap();
    function priv(self) {
       var r = $.get(self);
       if (!r) $.set(self, r={});
       return r;
    }

    return class { /* use priv(this).prop inside your class */ } 
}();

外部世界无法访问$，这一事实确保了隐私。

当实例消失时，WeakMap将释放数据。

这肯定在纯Javascript中工作，我相信他们在ES6类中工作，但我还没有测试$将在成员方法的范围内可用。

在JS中获得真正隐私的唯一方法是通过作用域，因此不可能有一个属性是this的成员，只能在组件内部访问。在ES6中存储真正私有数据的最佳方法是使用WeakMap。

const privateProp1 = new WeakMap();
const privateProp2 = new WeakMap();

class SomeClass {
  constructor() {
    privateProp1.set(this, "I am Private1");
    privateProp2.set(this, "I am Private2");

    this.publicVar = "I am public";
    this.publicMethod = () => {
      console.log(privateProp1.get(this), privateProp2.get(this))
    };        
  }

  printPrivate() {
    console.log(privateProp1.get(this));
  }
}

显然，这可能是一个缓慢的，肯定是丑陋的，但它确实提供了隐私。

请记住，即使这样也不是完美的，因为Javascript是动态的。有人仍然可以这样做

var oldSet = WeakMap.prototype.set;
WeakMap.prototype.set = function(key, value){
    // Store 'this', 'key', and 'value'
    return oldSet.call(this, key, value);
};

为了在值被存储时捕获它们，所以如果你想格外小心的话，你需要捕获一个对.set和.get的本地引用来显式使用，而不是依赖于可覆盖的原型。

const {set: WMSet, get: WMGet} = WeakMap.prototype;

const privateProp1 = new WeakMap();
const privateProp2 = new WeakMap();

class SomeClass {
  constructor() {
    WMSet.call(privateProp1, this, "I am Private1");
    WMSet.call(privateProp2, this, "I am Private2");

    this.publicVar = "I am public";
    this.publicMethod = () => {
      console.log(WMGet.call(privateProp1, this), WMGet.call(privateProp2, this))
    };        
  }

  printPrivate() {
    console.log(WMGet.call(privateProp1, this));
  }
}