我已经开发了一个模块，帮助您使用的访问限制 JavaScript类，叫做Capsulable。(私有和受保护的静态)

如果您感兴趣，请查看下面的软件包。 https://github.com/hmmhmmhm/capsulable

const Capsulable = require('capsulable')
const Field = Capsulable()

class A {
    constructor(_field){
        // Configure data fields.
        Field(this, _field)

        // The code below provides access to
        // the data fields when creating
        // functions within the class.
        Field(this).private
        Field(this).protected
        Field(this).protectedStatic
    }
}

module.exports = A

现在大多数浏览器都支持私有类特性。

class Something {
  #property;

  constructor(){
    this.#property = "test";
  }

  #privateMethod() {
    return 'hello world';
  }

  getPrivateMessage() {
      return this.#property;
  }
}

const instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> undefined
console.log(instance.privateMethod); //=> undefined
console.log(instance.getPrivateMessage()); //=> test
console.log(instance.#property); //=> Syntax error

更新:看别人的回答，这个已经过时了。

简单的回答，不，ES6类不支持私有属性。

但是你可以模仿这种行为，不将新属性附加到对象，而是将它们保存在类构造函数中，并使用getter和setter来获取隐藏的属性。注意，在类的每个新实例上重新定义getter和setter。

ES6

class Person {
    constructor(name) {
        var _name = name
        this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
        this.getName = function() { return _name; }
    }
}

ES5

function Person(name) {
    var _name = name
    this.setName = function(name) { _name = name; }
    this.getName = function() { return _name; }
}

我们可以使用getter和setter来模拟类的私有属性。

eg 1

class FootballClub {
    constructor (cname, cstadium, ccurrentmanager) {
        this.name = cname;
        this._stadium  = cstadium;  //  we will treat this prop as private and give getter and setter for this.
        this.currmanager = ccurrentmanager;
    }

    get stadium( ) {
        return this._stadium.toUpperCase();
    }

}

let club = new FootballClub("Arsenal", "Emirates" , "Arteta")
console.log(club);
//FootballClub {
//    name: 'Arsenal',
//    _stadium: 'Emirates',
//    currmanager: 'Arteta'
//  }
console.log( club.stadium ); // EMIRATES
club.stadium = "Highbury"; // TypeError: Cannot set property stadium of #<FootballClub> which has only a getter

在上面的例子中，我们没有给出stadium的setter方法，因此我们不能为它设置一个新值。在接下来的例子中，为体育场添加了一个setter

eg 2

class FootballClub {
    constructor (cname, cstadium, ccurrentmanager) {
        this.name = cname;
        this._stadium  = cstadium;  //  we will treat this prop as private and give getter and setter for this.
        this.currmanager = ccurrentmanager;
    }

    get stadium( ) {
        return this._stadium.toUpperCase();
    }

    set stadium(val) {
       this._stadium = val;
    }
}

let club = new FootballClub("Arsenal", "Emirates" , "Arteta")
console.log(club.stadium); // EMIRATES
club.stadium = "Emirates Stadium";
console.log(club.stadium); // EMIRATES STADIUM

使用WeakMap可以在类中拥有私有方法。

根据MDN网络文档:

WeakMap对象是键/值对的集合，其中键仅为对象，值可以是任意值。 键中的对象引用是弱保存的，这意味着如果不再有对该对象的其他引用，则它们是垃圾收集(GC)的目标。

这是一个创建带有私有成员_items的Queue数据结构的例子，该成员_items包含一个数组。

const _items = new WeakMap();

class Queue {    
    constructor() {
        _items.set(this, []);
    }

    enqueue( item) {
        _items.get(this).push(item);
    }    

    get count() {
        return _items.get(this).length;        
    }

    peek() {
        const anArray = _items.get(this);
        if( anArray.length == 0)
            throw new Error('There are no items in array!');

        if( anArray.length > 0)
            return anArray[0];
    }

    dequeue() {        
        const anArray = _items.get(this);
        if( anArray.length == 0)
            throw new Error('There are no items in array!');

        if( anArray.length > 0)
            return anArray.splice(0, 1)[0];
    }    
}

使用的例子:

const c = new Queue();
c.enqueue("one");
c.enqueue("two");
c.enqueue("three");
c.enqueue("four");
c.enqueue("five");
console.log(c);

私有成员_items是隐藏的，不能在Queue对象的属性或方法中看到:

然而，Queue对象中的私有成员_items可以通过以下方式访问:

const anArray = _items.get(this);

Yes totally can, and pretty easily too. This is done by exposing your private variables and functions by returning the prototype object graph in the constructor. This is nothing new, but take a bit of js foo to understand the elegance of it. This way does not use global scoped, or weakmaps. It is a form of reflection built into the language. Depending on how you leverage this; one can either force an exception which interrupts the call stack, or bury the exception as an undefined. This is demonstarted below, and can read more about these features here

class Clazz { constructor() { var _level = 1 function _private(x) { return _level * x; } return { level: _level, public: this.private, public2: function(x) { return _private(x); }, public3: function(x) { return _private(x) * this.public(x); }, }; } private(x) { return x * x; } } var clazz = new Clazz(); console.log(clazz._level); //undefined console.log(clazz._private); // undefined console.log(clazz.level); // 1 console.log(clazz.public(1)); //1 console.log(clazz.public2(2)); //2 console.log(clazz.public3(3)); //27 console.log(clazz.private(0)); //error