假设我有一个对象:

elmo = { 
  color: 'red',
  annoying: true,
  height: 'unknown',
  meta: { one: '1', two: '2'}
};

我想用它的属性子集创建一个新对象。

 // pseudo code
 subset = elmo.slice('color', 'height')

 //=> { color: 'red', height: 'unknown' }

我怎样才能做到呢?


当前回答

虽然它有点啰嗦,但通过使用Array.prototype.reduce,你可以完成其他人在2年前推荐的underscore/lodash。

var subset = ['color', 'height'].reduce(function(o, k) { o[k] = elmo[k]; return o; }, {});

这种方法从另一方面解决了这个问题:而不是获取一个对象并将属性名传递给它来提取,而是获取一个属性名数组并将它们简化为一个新对象。

While it's more verbose in the simplest case, a callback here is pretty handy, since you can easily meet some common requirements, e.g. change the 'color' property to 'colour' on the new object, flatten arrays, etc. -- any of the things you need to do when receiving an object from one service/library and building a new object needed somewhere else. While underscore/lodash are excellent, well-implemented libs, this is my preferred approach for less vendor-reliance, and a simpler, more consistent approach when my subset-building logic gets more complex.

编辑:es7版本相同:

const subset = ['color', 'height'].reduce((a, e) => (a[e] = elmo[e], a), {});

编辑:这也是咖喱的一个很好的例子!让'pick'函数返回另一个函数。

const pick = (...props) => o => props.reduce((a, e) => ({ ...a, [e]: o[e] }), {});

上面的方法非常接近于另一种方法,除了它让你在运行中构建一个“picker”。如。

pick('color', 'height')(elmo);

这种方法的特别之处在于,你可以很容易地将所选的“picks”传递到任何带有函数的对象中,例如Array#map:

[elmo, grover, bigBird].map(pick('color', 'height'));
// [
//   { color: 'red', height: 'short' },
//   { color: 'blue', height: 'medium' },
//   { color: 'yellow', height: 'tall' },
// ]

其他回答

两种Array.prototype.reduce:

const selectable = {a: null, b: null};
const v = {a: true, b: 'yes', c: 4};

const r = Object.keys(selectable).reduce((a, b) => {
  return (a[b] = v[b]), a;
}, {});

console.log(r);

这个答案使用了神奇的逗号运算符: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comma_Operator

如果你想要更花哨,这个更紧凑:

const r = Object.keys(selectable).reduce((a, b) => (a[b] = v[b], a), {});

把所有这些放到一个可重用的函数中:

const getSelectable = function (selectable, original) {
  return Object.keys(selectable).reduce((a, b) => (a[b] = original[b], a), {})
};

const r = getSelectable(selectable, v);
console.log(r);

补充另一种深奥的方法,这也很有效:

var obj = {a: 1, b:2, c:3}
var newobj = {a,c}=obj && {a,c}
// {a: 1, c:3}

但是你必须把道具名写两遍。

我认为这就是你的答案。(以及所有正在寻找它的人)。

const object = { a: 5, b: 6, c: 7  };
const subset = (({ a, c }) => ({ a, c }))(object);
console.log(subset); // { a: 5, c: 7 }

虽然它有点啰嗦,但通过使用Array.prototype.reduce,你可以完成其他人在2年前推荐的underscore/lodash。

var subset = ['color', 'height'].reduce(function(o, k) { o[k] = elmo[k]; return o; }, {});

这种方法从另一方面解决了这个问题:而不是获取一个对象并将属性名传递给它来提取,而是获取一个属性名数组并将它们简化为一个新对象。

While it's more verbose in the simplest case, a callback here is pretty handy, since you can easily meet some common requirements, e.g. change the 'color' property to 'colour' on the new object, flatten arrays, etc. -- any of the things you need to do when receiving an object from one service/library and building a new object needed somewhere else. While underscore/lodash are excellent, well-implemented libs, this is my preferred approach for less vendor-reliance, and a simpler, more consistent approach when my subset-building logic gets more complex.

编辑:es7版本相同:

const subset = ['color', 'height'].reduce((a, e) => (a[e] = elmo[e], a), {});

编辑:这也是咖喱的一个很好的例子!让'pick'函数返回另一个函数。

const pick = (...props) => o => props.reduce((a, e) => ({ ...a, [e]: o[e] }), {});

上面的方法非常接近于另一种方法,除了它让你在运行中构建一个“picker”。如。

pick('color', 'height')(elmo);

这种方法的特别之处在于,你可以很容易地将所选的“picks”传递到任何带有函数的对象中,例如Array#map:

[elmo, grover, bigBird].map(pick('color', 'height'));
// [
//   { color: 'red', height: 'short' },
//   { color: 'blue', height: 'medium' },
//   { color: 'yellow', height: 'tall' },
// ]

动态属性的解构赋值

这个解决方案不仅适用于你的具体例子,而且更普遍适用:

const subset2 = (x, y) = > ({[x]: [y]: b}) = > ({[x]: [y]: b}); const subset3 = (x, y, z) = > ({[x]: [y]: b [z]: c}) = > ({[x]: [y]: b [z]: c}); // const subset4… Const o = {a:1, b:2, c:3, d:4, e:5}; const pickBD = subset2("b", "d"); const pickACE = subset3("a", "c", "e"); console.log ( pickBD(o), // {b:2, d:4} pickACE(o) // {a:1, c:3, e:5} );

您可以轻松地定义subset4等,以考虑更多的属性。