一般来说，放置新是为了摆脱“正常新”的分配成本。

我使用它的另一个场景是，我想要访问一个仍待构造的对象的指针，以实现每个文档的单例。

它可能在使用共享内存时很方便，在其他用途中…例如:http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_51_0/doc/html/interprocess/synchronization_mechanisms.html#interprocess.synchronization_mechanisms.conditions.conditions_anonymous_example

Head Geek: BINGO! You got it totally - that's exactly what it's perfect for. In many embedded environments, external constraints and/or the overall use scenario forces the programmer to separate the allocation of an object from its initialization. Lumped together, C++ calls this "instantiation"; but whenever the constructor's action must be explicitly invoked WITHOUT dynamic or automatic allocation, placement new is the way to do it. It's also the perfect way to locate a global C++ object that is pinned to the address of a hardware component (memory-mapped I/O), or for any static object that, for whatever reason, must reside at a fixed address.

我认为任何答案都没有强调这一点，但新位置的另一个好例子和用法是减少内存碎片(通过使用内存池)。这在嵌入式和高可用性系统中特别有用。在最后一种情况下，这一点特别重要，因为对于一个必须运行24/365天的系统来说，没有碎片是非常重要的。此问题与内存泄漏无关。

Even when a very good malloc implementation is used (or similar memory management function) it's very difficult to deal with fragmentation for a long time. At some point if you don't manage cleverly the memory reservation/release calls you could end up with a lot of small gaps that are difficult to reuse (assign to new reservations). So, one of the solutions that are used in this case is to use a memory pool to allocate before hand the memory for the application objects. After-wards each time you need memory for some object you just use the new placement to create a new object on the already reserved memory.

这样，一旦应用程序启动，就已经预留了所需的所有内存。所有新的内存预留/释放都将分配到已分配的池中(您可能有几个池，每个池对应一个不同的对象类)。在这种情况下不会发生内存碎片，因为没有间隙，您的系统可以运行很长时间(数年)而不会出现内存碎片。

我在实践中看到过这种情况，特别是在VxWorks RTOS中，因为它的默认内存分配系统受到了很多碎片的影响。因此，通过标准的new/malloc方法分配内存在项目中基本上是被禁止的。所有的内存预留都应该到一个专用的内存池中。

在http://xll.codeplex.com上查看xll项目中的fp.h文件，它解决了喜欢随身携带维度的数组“与编译器的不必要的亲密关系”问题。

typedef struct _FP
{
    unsigned short int rows;
    unsigned short int columns;
    double array[1];        /* Actually, array[rows][columns] */
} FP;

我使用它来构造通过alloca()分配到堆栈上的对象。

无耻的宣传:我在这里写过博客。