从我在Java中使用线程的时间来看,我发现了两种编写线程的方法:
使用可运行的机具:
public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
public void run() {
//Code
}
}
//Started with a "new Thread(new MyRunnable()).start()" call
或者,使用扩展线程:
public class MyThread extends Thread {
public MyThread() {
super("MyThread");
}
public void run() {
//Code
}
}
//Started with a "new MyThread().start()" call
这两个代码块有什么显著的区别吗?
对于大多数工作线程来说,最好的方法是将线程完全封装在工作线程类中,这样就不会有任何外部干扰,导致不需要的和无效的线程/类状态。
我刚刚发布了一个示例,因此我也将与您分享:
/**
* This worker can only run once
* @author JayC667
*/
public class ProperThreading {
private final Thread mThread = new Thread(() -> runWorkingLoop()); // if you want worker to be able to run multiple times, move initialisation into startThread()
private volatile boolean mThreadStarted = false;
private volatile boolean mStopRequested = false;
private final long mLoopSleepTime;
public ProperThreading(final long pLoopSleepTime /* pass more arguments here, store in members */ ) {
mLoopSleepTime = pLoopSleepTime;
}
public synchronized void startThread() {
if (mThreadStarted) throw new IllegalStateException("Worker Thread may only be started once and is already running!");
mThreadStarted = true;
mThread.start();
}
private void runWorkingLoop() {
while (!mStopRequested /* && other checks */ ) {
try {
// do the magic work here
Thread.sleep(mLoopSleepTime);
} catch (final InterruptedException e) {
break;
} catch (final Exception e) {
// do at least some basic handling here, you should NEVER ignore exception unless you know exactly what you're doing, and then it should be commented!
}
}
}
public synchronized void stopThread() {
if (!mThreadStarted) throw new IllegalStateException("Worker Thread is not even running yet!");
mStopRequested = true;
mThread.interrupt();
}
}
实现Runnable和扩展Thread之间的一个区别是,通过扩展Thread,每个线程都有一个与其关联的唯一对象,而实现Runnable,许多线程可以共享同一个对象实例。
实现Runnable的类不是线程,只是一个类。对于要由线程执行的Runnable,需要创建一个Thread实例,并将Runnable实例作为目标传入。
在大多数情况下,如果只打算重写run()方法而不打算重写其他Thread方法,则应使用Runnable接口。这一点很重要,因为除非程序员打算修改或增强类的基本行为,否则类不应该被子类化。
当需要扩展超类时,实现Runnable接口比使用Thread类更合适。因为我们可以在实现Runnable接口时扩展另一个类以生成线程。但是如果我们只是扩展Thread类,我们就不能从任何其他类继承。