接口的目的是强制某个对象签名。它不应该明确地关心对象内部如何工作。因此，从概念的角度来看，接口中的构造函数并没有真正的意义。

不过也有一些替代方案:

Create an abstract class that acts as a minimal default implementation. That class should have the constructors you expect implementing classes to have. If you don't mind the overkill, use the AbstractFactory pattern and declare a method in the factory class interface that has the required signatures. Pass the GraphicsDeviceManager as a parameter to the Update and Draw methods. Use a Compositional Object Oriented Programming framework to pass the GraphicsDeviceManager into the part of the object that requires it. This is a pretty experimental solution in my opinion.

你描述的情况一般来说不容易处理。业务应用程序中需要访问数据库的实体也有类似的情况。

你不能。它偶尔会让人感到痛苦，但无论如何，使用正常的技术都无法调用它。

在一篇博客文章中，我建议静态接口只能在泛型类型约束中使用——但在我看来，它真的很方便。

如果你可以在一个接口中定义一个构造函数，那么你在派生类时就会遇到麻烦:

public class Foo : IParameterlessConstructor
{
    public Foo() // As per the interface
    {
    }
}

public class Bar : Foo
{
    // Yikes! We now don't have a parameterless constructor...
    public Bar(int x)
    {
    }
}

我用下面的图案使它防弹。

A developer who derives his class from the base can't accidentally create a public accessible constructor The final class developer are forced to go through the common create method Everything is type-safe, no castings are required It's 100% flexible and can be reused everywhere, where you can define your own base class. Try it out you can't break it without making modifications to the base classes (except if you define an obsolete flag without error flag set to true, but even then you end up with a warning) public abstract class Base<TSelf, TParameter> where TSelf : Base<TSelf, TParameter>, new() { protected const string FactoryMessage = "Use YourClass.Create(...) instead"; public static TSelf Create(TParameter parameter) { var me = new TSelf(); me.Initialize(parameter); return me; } [Obsolete(FactoryMessage, true)] protected Base() { } protected virtual void Initialize(TParameter parameter) { } } public abstract class BaseWithConfig<TSelf, TConfig>: Base<TSelf, TConfig> where TSelf : BaseWithConfig<TSelf, TConfig>, new() { public TConfig Config { get; private set; } [Obsolete(FactoryMessage, true)] protected BaseWithConfig() { } protected override void Initialize(TConfig parameter) { this.Config = parameter; } } public class MyService : BaseWithConfig<MyService, (string UserName, string Password)> { [Obsolete(FactoryMessage, true)] public MyService() { } } public class Person : Base<Person, (string FirstName, string LastName)> { [Obsolete(FactoryMessage,true)] public Person() { } protected override void Initialize((string FirstName, string LastName) parameter) { this.FirstName = parameter.FirstName; this.LastName = parameter.LastName; } public string LastName { get; private set; } public string FirstName { get; private set; } } [Test] public void FactoryTest() { var notInitilaizedPerson = new Person(); // doesn't compile because of the obsolete attribute. Person max = Person.Create(("Max", "Mustermann")); Assert.AreEqual("Max",max.FirstName); var service = MyService.Create(("MyUser", "MyPassword")); Assert.AreEqual("MyUser", service.Config.UserName); }

编辑: 这是一个基于你的绘图示例的例子，它甚至强制了接口抽象

        public abstract class BaseWithAbstraction<TSelf, TInterface, TParameter>
        where TSelf : BaseWithAbstraction<TSelf, TInterface, TParameter>, TInterface, new()
    {
        [Obsolete(FactoryMessage, true)]
        protected BaseWithAbstraction()
        {
        }

        protected const string FactoryMessage = "Use YourClass.Create(...) instead";
        public static TInterface Create(TParameter parameter)
        {
            var me = new TSelf();
            me.Initialize(parameter);

            return me;
        }

        protected virtual void Initialize(TParameter parameter)
        {

        }
    }



    public abstract class BaseWithParameter<TSelf, TInterface, TParameter> : BaseWithAbstraction<TSelf, TInterface, TParameter>
        where TSelf : BaseWithParameter<TSelf, TInterface, TParameter>, TInterface, new()
    {
        protected TParameter Parameter { get; private set; }

        [Obsolete(FactoryMessage, true)]
        protected BaseWithParameter()
        {
        }
        protected sealed override void Initialize(TParameter parameter)
        {
            this.Parameter = parameter;
            this.OnAfterInitialize(parameter);
        }

        protected virtual void OnAfterInitialize(TParameter parameter)
        {
        }
    }


    public class GraphicsDeviceManager
    {

    }
    public interface IDrawable
    {
        void Update();
        void Draw();
    }

    internal abstract class Drawable<TSelf> : BaseWithParameter<TSelf, IDrawable, GraphicsDeviceManager>, IDrawable 
        where TSelf : Drawable<TSelf>, IDrawable, new()
    {
        [Obsolete(FactoryMessage, true)]
        protected Drawable()
        {
        }

        public abstract void Update();
        public abstract void Draw();
    }

    internal class Rectangle : Drawable<Rectangle>
    {
        [Obsolete(FactoryMessage, true)]
        public Rectangle()
        {
        }

        public override void Update()
        {
            GraphicsDeviceManager manager = this.Parameter;
            // TODo  manager
        }

        public override void Draw()
        {
            GraphicsDeviceManager manager = this.Parameter;
            // TODo  manager
        }
    }
    internal class Circle : Drawable<Circle>
    {
        [Obsolete(FactoryMessage, true)]
        public Circle()
        {
        }

        public override void Update()
        {
            GraphicsDeviceManager manager = this.Parameter;
            // TODo  manager
        }

        public override void Draw()
        {
            GraphicsDeviceManager manager = this.Parameter;
            // TODo  manager
        }
    }


    [Test]
    public void FactoryTest()
    {
        // doesn't compile because interface abstraction is enforced.
        Rectangle rectangle = Rectangle.Create(new GraphicsDeviceManager());

        // you get only the IDrawable returned.
        IDrawable service = Circle.Create(new GraphicsDeviceManager());
    }

解决这个问题的一种方法是利用泛型和new()约束。

与其将构造函数表示为方法/函数，不如将其表示为工厂类/接口。如果在每个需要创建类对象的调用站点上指定new()泛型约束，则可以相应地传递构造函数参数。

对于IDrawable的例子:

public interface IDrawable
{
    void Update();
    void Draw();
}

public interface IDrawableConstructor<T> where T : IDrawable
{
    T Construct(GraphicsDeviceManager manager);
}


public class Triangle : IDrawable
{
    public GraphicsDeviceManager Manager { get; set; }
    public void Draw() { ... }
    public void Update() { ... }
    public Triangle(GraphicsDeviceManager manager)
    {
        Manager = manager;
    }
}


public TriangleConstructor : IDrawableConstructor<Triangle>
{
    public Triangle Construct(GraphicsDeviceManager manager)
    {
        return new Triangle(manager);
    } 
}

当你使用它的时候:

public void SomeMethod<TBuilder>(GraphicsDeviceManager manager)
  where TBuilder: IDrawableConstructor<Triangle>, new()
{
    // If we need to create a triangle
    Triangle triangle = new TBuilder().Construct(manager);

    // Do whatever with triangle
}

你甚至可以使用显式接口实现将所有创建方法集中在一个类中:

public DrawableConstructor : IDrawableConstructor<Triangle>,
                             IDrawableConstructor<Square>,
                             IDrawableConstructor<Circle>
{
    Triangle IDrawableConstructor<Triangle>.Construct(GraphicsDeviceManager manager)
    {
        return new Triangle(manager);
    } 

    Square IDrawableConstructor<Square>.Construct(GraphicsDeviceManager manager)
    {
        return new Square(manager);
    } 

    Circle IDrawableConstructor<Circle>.Construct(GraphicsDeviceManager manager)
    {
        return new Circle(manager);
    } 
}

使用它:

public void SomeMethod<TBuilder, TShape>(GraphicsDeviceManager manager)
  where TBuilder: IDrawableConstructor<TShape>, new()
{
    // If we need to create an arbitrary shape
    TShape shape = new TBuilder().Construct(manager);

    // Do whatever with the shape
}

另一种方法是使用lambda表达式作为初始化式。在调用层次结构的早期，您将知道需要实例化哪些对象(例如，当您创建或获得对GraphicsDeviceManager对象的引用时)。一旦你有了它，就传递

() => new Triangle(manager) 

到后续的方法，这样他们就知道如何从那时起创建一个三角形。如果您不能确定所有可能需要的方法，您总是可以创建一个类型字典，使用反射实现IDrawable，并在字典中注册上面所示的lambda表达式，您可以将该字典存储在共享位置或传递给进一步的函数调用。

你不。

构造函数是类的一部分，可以实现接口。接口只是类必须实现的方法的契约。

如前所述，在接口上不能有构造函数。但是，由于这是7年后谷歌中排名如此高的结果，我想我应该在这里补充一下——具体来说，是为了展示如何将抽象基类与现有的接口一起使用，并且可能会减少将来在类似情况下所需的重构量。在一些评论中已经暗示了这个概念，但我认为值得展示如何实际做到这一点。

到目前为止你的主界面是这样的:

public interface IDrawable
{
    void Update();
    void Draw();
}

现在用要强制的构造函数创建一个抽象类。实际上，自从你写你最初的问题以来，它就已经可用了，我们可以在这里稍微花点时间，在这种情况下使用泛型，这样我们就可以适应其他可能需要相同功能但有不同构造函数要求的接口:

public abstract class MustInitialize<T>
{
    public MustInitialize(T parameters)
    {

    }
}

现在你需要创建一个继承IDrawable接口和MustInitialize抽象类的新类:

public class Drawable : MustInitialize<GraphicsDeviceManager>, IDrawable
{
    GraphicsDeviceManager _graphicsDeviceManager;

    public Drawable(GraphicsDeviceManager graphicsDeviceManager)
        : base (graphicsDeviceManager)
    {
        _graphicsDeviceManager = graphicsDeviceManager;
    }

    public void Update()
    {
        //use _graphicsDeviceManager here to do whatever
    }

    public void Draw()
    {
        //use _graphicsDeviceManager here to do whatever
    }
}

然后只需创建一个Drawable实例，就可以了:

IDrawable drawableService = new Drawable(myGraphicsDeviceManager);

这里很酷的是，我们创建的新Drawable类仍然像我们期望的IDrawable一样。

如果需要向MustInitialize构造函数传递多个参数，可以创建一个类，为需要传递的所有字段定义属性。