对于内部连接，WHERE和ON可以互换使用。事实上，可以在相关子查询中使用ON。例如:

update mytable
set myscore=100
where exists (
select 1 from table1
inner join table2
on (table2.key = mytable.key)
inner join table3
on (table3.key = table2.key and table3.key = table1.key)
...
)

这(恕我直言)完全让人困惑，而且很容易忘记将table1链接到任何东西(因为“driver”表没有“on”子句)，但这是合法的。

我的做法是:

Always put the join conditions in the ON clause if you are doing an INNER JOIN. So, do not add any WHERE conditions to the ON clause, put them in the WHERE clause. If you are doing a LEFT JOIN, add any WHERE conditions to the ON clause for the table in the right side of the join. This is a must, because adding a WHERE clause that references the right side of the join will convert the join to an INNER JOIN. The exception is when you are looking for the records that are not in a particular table. You would add the reference to a unique identifier (that is not ever NULL) in the RIGHT JOIN table to the WHERE clause this way: WHERE t2.idfield IS NULL. So, the only time you should reference a table on the right side of the join is to find those records which are not in the table.

a. WHERE子句:加入后，记录将被过滤。

b. ON子句-在加入之前，记录(来自右边表格)将被过滤。

当涉及到左连接时，where子句和on子句之间有很大的区别。

这里有一个例子:

mysql> desc t1; 
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| fid   | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| v     | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

fid是表t2的id。

mysql> desc t2;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| v     | varchar(10) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查询“on子句”:

mysql> SELECT * FROM `t1` left join t2 on fid = t2.id AND t1.v = 'K' 
    -> ;
+----+-----+---+------+------+
| id | fid | v | id   | v    |
+----+-----+---+------+------+
|  1 |   1 | H | NULL | NULL |
|  2 |   1 | B | NULL | NULL |
|  3 |   2 | H | NULL | NULL |
|  4 |   7 | K | NULL | NULL |
|  5 |   5 | L | NULL | NULL |
+----+-----+---+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

where子句查询:

mysql> SELECT * FROM `t1` left join t2 on fid = t2.id where t1.v = 'K';
+----+-----+---+------+------+
| id | fid | v | id   | v    |
+----+-----+---+------+------+
|  4 |   7 | K | NULL | NULL |
+----+-----+---+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

很明显， 第一个查询从t1返回一条记录，从t2返回与t1相关的行(如果有的话)。v = 'K'。

第二个查询返回来自t1的行，但只针对t1。v = 'K'将有任何与它相关的行。

在INNER join中，它们是可互换的，优化器会随意重新排列它们。

在OUTER连接上，它们不一定是可互换的，这取决于它们所依赖的连接的哪一侧。

我把它们放在任意一个位置，取决于可读性。

为了获得更好的性能，表应该有一个用于join的特殊索引列。

所以如果你的条件列不是那些索引列之一，那么我怀疑最好把它保存在WHERE。

所以你使用索引列来JOIN，然后在JOIN之后你在无索引列上运行条件。