只需运行这个SQL语句就可以一次转换所有数据库表。根据需要更改COLLATION和databaseName。

SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME," COLLATE utf8_general_ci;") AS    ExecuteTheString
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="databaseName"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE";

注意,在改变数据库的字符集/表/列,实际上你可能需要将现有的数据(例如,如果你看到类似“U…Ø·U”ˆØ¨ØªUˆØ±UŠØ¯Ø¬U”)是这样的:

update country set name = convert(cast(convert(name using latin1) as binary) using utf8), cn_flag = convert(cast(convert(cn_flag using latin1) as binary) using utf8), and so on..

对于转换数据库、表和字段，我建议从这个线程中得到这个答案，它会生成一组大的查询，你只需要在粘贴时复制，在这里我还找不到一个自动的解决方案。 还要注意的是，如果你将同一个字段转换两次，你将得到不可恢复的问号:"?? "。如果在转换字段/表之前转换数据，也会得到这个问号。

要更改表的排序规则，您可以使用，

ALTER TABLE mytable CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8

若要为整个数据库设置默认排序规则，请执行以下操作

ALTER DATABASE  `databasename` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin

否则,

Goto PhpMyAdmin - >操作- >排序。

在这里，您可以找到包含所有现有排序规则的选择框。这样你就可以改变排序规则。在创建新列时，数据库表将遵循这个排序规则。创建新列时不需要选择排序规则。

我不得不在一个有很多基的集群中更改所有数据库、表和列的排序规则。

我使用了一个运行在php 8.1和mysql 8.0上的脚本

function changeCollate() {
    $databases = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW DATABASES LIKE 'nova_%'")->rows;
    foreach ($databases as $value) {
        $db = $value['Database (nova_%)'];
        $this->LOG("-- banco de dados --- " . $db);
        $this->exeQuery("ALTER DATABASE `$db` COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;");
        $this->exeQuery("use $db");
        $tables = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW tables")->rows;
        foreach ($tables as $table) {
            $tb_name = $table["Tables_in_$db"];
            $this->exeQuery("ALTER TABLE `$tb_name` COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;");
            $QUERY = "ALTER TABLE `$db`.`$tb_name`\n";
            $columns = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM $tb_name WHERE Type LIKE 'varchar%' OR Type = 'text' OR Type like 'enum%' OR Type = 'longtext' OR Type = 'mediumtext'")->rows;
            foreach ($columns as $column) {
                $QUERY .= "CHANGE `{$column['Field']}` `{$column['Field']}` {$column['Type']} COLLATE 'utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci'";
                $QUERY .= ($column['Null'] == 'YES') ?  " NULL" : " NOT NULL";
                if ($column['Default']) $QUERY .= " DEFAULT '{$column['Default']}'";
                if ($column['Comment']) $QUERY .= " COMMENT '{$column['Comment']}'";
                $QUERY .= ",\n";
            }
            if ($QUERY == "ALTER TABLE `$db`.`$tb_name`\n") continue;
            $QUERY = substr($QUERY, 0, -2) . ";\n\n";
            $this->exeQuery($QUERY);
        }
    }
}

我在这里读到，你需要手动转换每个表，这是不正确的。下面是一个如何使用存储过程的解决方案:

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS changeCollation$$

-- character_set parameter could be 'utf8'
-- or 'latin1' or any other valid character set
CREATE PROCEDURE changeCollation(IN character_set VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
DECLARE v_finished INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE v_table_name varchar(255) DEFAULT "";
DECLARE v_message varchar(4000) DEFAULT "No records";

-- This will create a cursor that selects each table,
-- where the character set is not the one
-- that is defined in the parameter

DECLARE alter_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT DISTINCT TABLE_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
AND COLLATION_NAME NOT LIKE CONCAT(character_set, '_%');

-- This handler will set the value v_finished to 1
-- if there are no more rows

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER
FOR NOT FOUND SET v_finished = 1;

OPEN alter_cursor;

-- Start a loop to fetch each rows from the cursor
get_table: LOOP

-- Fetch the table names one by one
FETCH alter_cursor INTO v_table_name;

-- If there is no more record, then we have to skip
-- the commands inside the loop
IF v_finished = 1 THEN
LEAVE get_table;
END IF;

IF v_table_name != '' THEN

IF v_message = 'No records' THEN
SET v_message = '';
END IF;

-- This technic makes the trick, it prepares a statement
-- that is based on the v_table_name parameter and it means
-- that this one is different by each iteration inside the loop

SET @s = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ',v_table_name,
' CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET ', character_set);
PREPARE stmt FROM @s;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

SET v_message = CONCAT('The table ', v_table_name ,
' was changed to the default collation of ', character_set,
'.\n', v_message);

SET v_table_name = '';

END IF;
-- Close the loop and the cursor
END LOOP get_table;
CLOSE alter_cursor;

-- Returns information about the altered tables or 'No records'
SELECT v_message;

END $$

DELIMITER ;

创建过程后，可以简单地调用它:

CALL changeCollation('utf8');

更多细节请阅读这篇博客。

只需运行这个SQL语句就可以一次转换所有数据库表。根据需要更改COLLATION和databaseName。

SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME," COLLATE utf8_general_ci;") AS    ExecuteTheString
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="databaseName"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE";