out形参的一个很好的特性是，即使函数抛出异常，也可以使用它们返回数据。我认为与异步方法最接近的等效方法是使用一个新对象来保存异步方法和调用者都可以引用的数据。另一种方法是在另一个答案中传递一个委托。

请注意，这两种技术都不具有编译器所具有的任何类型的强制。也就是说，编译器不会要求你在共享对象上设置值或调用传入委托。

下面是一个使用共享对象模拟ref和out的示例实现，用于async方法和其他各种ref和out不可用的场景:

class Ref<T>
{
    // Field rather than a property to support passing to functions
    // accepting `ref T` or `out T`.
    public T Value;
}

async Task OperationExampleAsync(Ref<int> successfulLoopsRef)
{
    var things = new[] { 0, 1, 2, };
    var i = 0;
    while (true)
    {
        // Fourth iteration will throw an exception, but we will still have
        // communicated data back to the caller via successfulLoopsRef.
        things[i] += i;
        successfulLoopsRef.Value++;
        i++;
    }
}

async Task UsageExample()
{
    var successCounterRef = new Ref<int>();
    // Note that it does not make sense to access successCounterRef
    // until OperationExampleAsync completes (either fails or succeeds)
    // because there’s no synchronization. Here, I think of passing
    // the variable as “temporarily giving ownership” of the referenced
    // object to OperationExampleAsync. Deciding on conventions is up to
    // you and belongs in documentation ^^.
    try
    {
        await OperationExampleAsync(successCounterRef);
    }
    finally
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"Had {successCounterRef.Value} successful loops.");
    }
}

模式匹配来拯救!c# 9(我认为)之后:

// example of a method that would traditionally would use an out parameter
public async Task<(bool success, int? value)> TryGetAsync()
{
    int? value = // get it from somewhere
    
    return (value.HasValue, value);
}

像这样使用它:

if (await TryGetAsync() is (true, int value))
{
    Console.WriteLine($"This is the value: {value}");
}

我认为像这样使用ValueTuples是可行的。你必须先添加ValueTuple NuGet包:

public async void Method1()
{
    (int op, int result) tuple = await GetDataTaskAsync();
    int op = tuple.op;
    int result = tuple.result;
}

public async Task<(int op, int result)> GetDataTaskAsync()
{
    int x = 5;
    int y = 10;
    return (op: x, result: y):
}

在异步方法中不能有ref或out参数(如前所述)。

这需要在数据移动中进行一些建模:

public class Data
{
    public int Op {get; set;}
    public int Result {get; set;}
}

public async void Method1()
{
    Data data = await GetDataTaskAsync();
    // use data.Op and data.Result from here on
}

public async Task<Data> GetDataTaskAsync()
{
    var returnValue = new Data();
    // Fill up returnValue
    return returnValue;
}

您获得了更容易重用代码的能力，而且它比变量或元组更具可读性。

下面是@dcastro回答的代码，为c# 7.0修改了命名元组和元组解构，简化了符号:

public async void Method1()
{
    // Version 1, named tuples:
    // just to show how it works
    /*
    var tuple = await GetDataTaskAsync();
    int op = tuple.paramOp;
    int result = tuple.paramResult;
    */

    // Version 2, tuple deconstruction:
    // much shorter, most elegant
    (int op, int result) = await GetDataTaskAsync();
}

public async Task<(int paramOp, int paramResult)> GetDataTaskAsync()
{
    //...
    return (1, 2);
}

有关新的命名元组、元组字面量和元组解构的详细信息，请参见: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/03/09/new-features-in-c-7-0/

您可以通过使用TPL(任务并行库)而不是直接使用await关键字来做到这一点。

private bool CheckInCategory(int? id, out Category category)
    {
        if (id == null || id == 0)
            category = null;
        else
            category = Task.Run(async () => await _context.Categories.FindAsync(id ?? 0)).Result;

        return category != null;
    }

if(!CheckInCategory(int? id, out var category)) return error