这里有很多解决方案没有产生均匀分布，许多评论指出了这一点，但这个问题并没有把它作为一个要求。最简单的解决方案是:

int rand_7() { return rand_5(); }

1 - 5范围内的随机整数显然在1 - 7范围内。从技术上讲，最简单的解决方法是返回一个常数，但那太琐碎了。

然而，我认为rand_5函数的存在是一个转移注意力的问题。假设问题是“生成一个均匀分布的伪随机数生成器，输出范围为1 - 7”。这是一个简单的问题(技术上不简单，但已经解决了，所以您可以查阅它)。

另一方面，如果问题被解释为你实际上有一个真正的随机数生成器，用于范围为1 - 5的整数(而不是伪随机)，那么解决方案是:

1) examine the rand_5 function
2) understand how it works
3) profit

只要没有剩下7种可能性，就再画一个随机数，将可能性数乘以5。在Perl中:

$num = 0;
$possibilities = 1;

sub rand7
{
  while( $possibilities < 7 )
  {
    $num = $num * 5 + int(rand(5));
    $possibilities *= 5;
  }
  my $result = $num % 7;
  $num = int( $num / 7 );
  $possibilities /= 7;
  return $result;
}

你需要的函数是rand1_7()，我写了rand1_5()，这样你就可以测试它并绘制它。

import numpy
def rand1_5():
    return numpy.random.randint(5)+1

def rand1_7():
    q = 0
    for i in xrange(7):  q+= rand1_5()
    return q%7 + 1

int ans = 0;
while (ans == 0) 
{
     for (int i=0; i<3; i++) 
     {
          while ((r = rand5()) == 3){};
          ans += (r < 3) >> i
     }
}

Here's a solution that fits entirely within integers and is within about 4% of optimal (i.e. uses 1.26 random numbers in {0..4} for every one in {0..6}). The code's in Scala, but the math should be reasonably clear in any language: you take advantage of the fact that 7^9 + 7^8 is very close to 5^11. So you pick an 11 digit number in base 5, and then interpret it as a 9 digit number in base 7 if it's in range (giving 9 base 7 numbers), or as an 8 digit number if it's over the 9 digit number, etc.:

abstract class RNG {
  def apply(): Int
}

class Random5 extends RNG {
  val rng = new scala.util.Random
  var count = 0
  def apply() = { count += 1 ; rng.nextInt(5) }
}

class FiveSevener(five: RNG) {
  val sevens = new Array[Int](9)
  var nsevens = 0
  val to9 = 40353607;
  val to8 = 5764801;
  val to7 = 823543;
  def loadSevens(value: Int, count: Int) {
    nsevens = 0;
    var remaining = value;
    while (nsevens < count) {
      sevens(nsevens) = remaining % 7
      remaining /= 7
      nsevens += 1
    }
  }
  def loadSevens {
    var fivepow11 = 0;
    var i=0
    while (i<11) { i+=1 ; fivepow11 = five() + fivepow11*5 }
    if (fivepow11 < to9) { loadSevens(fivepow11 , 9) ; return }
    fivepow11 -= to9
    if (fivepow11 < to8) { loadSevens(fivepow11 , 8) ; return }
    fivepow11 -= to8
    if (fivepow11 < 3*to7) loadSevens(fivepow11 % to7 , 7)
    else loadSevens
  }
  def apply() = {
    if (nsevens==0) loadSevens
    nsevens -= 1
    sevens(nsevens)
  }
}

如果你将一个测试粘贴到解释器中(实际上是REPL)，你会得到:

scala> val five = new Random5
five: Random5 = Random5@e9c592

scala> val seven = new FiveSevener(five)
seven: FiveSevener = FiveSevener@143c423

scala> val counts = new Array[Int](7)
counts: Array[Int] = Array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

scala> var i=0 ; while (i < 100000000) { counts( seven() ) += 1 ; i += 1 }
i: Int = 100000000

scala> counts
res0: Array[Int] = Array(14280662, 14293012, 14281286, 14284836, 14287188,
14289332, 14283684)

scala> five.count
res1: Int = 125902876

分布很好，很平坦(在每个箱子中，10^8的1/7大约在10k范围内，就像预期的近似高斯分布一样)。

这里允许作业题吗?

这个函数进行粗略的“以5为基数”的数学运算，生成0到6之间的数字。

function rnd7() {
    do {
        r1 = rnd5() - 1;
        do {
            r2=rnd5() - 1;
        } while (r2 > 1);
        result = r2 * 5 + r1;
    } while (result > 6);
    return result + 1;
}