我们所有使用关系数据库的人都知道(或正在学习)SQL是不同的。获得期望的结果,并有效地这样做,涉及到一个乏味的过程,其部分特征是学习不熟悉的范例,并发现一些我们最熟悉的编程模式在这里不起作用。常见的反模式是什么?
当前回答
我只是把这个放在一起,基于一些SQL响应这里在SO。
认为触发器之于数据库就像事件处理程序之于OOP是一种严重的反模式。有一种看法是,任何旧的逻辑都可以放入触发器中,当一个事务(事件)在表上发生时被触发。
不正确的。最大的区别之一是触发器是同步的——而且是完全同步的,因为它们在集合操作上是同步的,而不是在行操作上。在OOP方面,正好相反——事件是实现异步事务的有效方法。
其他回答
SELECT FirstName + ' ' + LastName as "Full Name", case UserRole when 2 then "Admin" when 1 then "Moderator" else "User" end as "User's Role", case SignedIn when 0 then "Logged in" else "Logged out" end as "User signed in?", Convert(varchar(100), LastSignOn, 101) as "Last Sign On", DateDiff('d', LastSignOn, getDate()) as "Days since last sign on", AddrLine1 + ' ' + AddrLine2 + ' ' + AddrLine3 + ' ' + City + ', ' + State + ' ' + Zip as "Address", 'XXX-XX-' + Substring(Convert(varchar(9), SSN), 6, 4) as "Social Security #" FROM Users
或者,把所有内容都塞进一行。
有一张桌子
code_1
value_1
code_2
value_2
...
code_10
value_10
而不是有3个表
Code, value和code_value
你永远不知道什么时候你可能需要10对以上的代码,价值。
如果只需要一对,就不会浪费磁盘空间。
没有注释的存储过程或函数…
我最不喜欢的是
Using spaces when creating tables, sprocs etc. I'm fine with CamelCase or under_scores and singular or plurals and UPPERCASE or lowercase but having to refer to a table or column [with spaces], especially if [ it is oddly spaced] (yes, I've run into this) really irritates me. Denormalized data. A table doesn't have to be perfectly normalized, but when I run into a table of employees that has information about their current evaluation score or their primary anything, it tells me that I will probably need to make a separate table at some point and then try to keep them synced. I will normalize the data first and then if I see a place where denormalization helps, I'll consider it. Overuse of either views or cursors. Views have a purpose, but when each table is wrapped in a view it's too much. I've had to use cursors a few times, but generally you can use other mechanisms for this. Access. Can a program be an anti-pattern? We have SQL Server at my work, but a number of people use access due to it's availabilty, "ease of use" and "friendliness" to non-technical users. There is too much here to go into, but if you've been in a similar environment, you know.
1)我不知道这是否是一个“官方的”反模式,但我不喜欢并试图避免在数据库列中使用字符串文字作为魔法值。
MediaWiki表'image'中的一个例子:
img_media_type ENUM("UNKNOWN", "BITMAP", "DRAWING", "AUDIO", "VIDEO",
"MULTIMEDIA", "OFFICE", "TEXT", "EXECUTABLE", "ARCHIVE") default NULL,
img_major_mime ENUM("unknown", "application", "audio", "image", "text",
"video", "message", "model", "multipart") NOT NULL default "unknown",
(我只是注意到不同的大小写,另一个要避免的事情)
我设计了这样的情况,int查找表ImageMediaType和ImageMajorMime与int主键。
2)日期/字符串转换,依赖于特定的NLS设置
CONVERT(NVARCHAR, GETDATE())
没有格式标识符
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