对于IEEE浮点，你可以这样做。

int next_power_of_two(float a_F){
    int f = *(int*)&a_F;
    int b = f << 9 != 0; // If we're a power of two this is 0, otherwise this is 1

    f >>= 23; // remove factional part of floating point number
    f -= 127; // subtract 127 (the bias) from the exponent

    // adds one to the exponent if were not a power of two, 
    // then raises our new exponent to the power of two again.
    return (1 << (f + b)); 
}

如果你需要一个整数的解决方案，并且你能够使用内联汇编，BSR会在x86上给你一个整数的log2。它计算有多少位是正确的，这正好等于这个数字的log2。其他处理器(通常)有类似的指令，比如CLZ，根据你的编译器，可能有一个内在的可用指令来为你做这项工作。

from math import ceil, log2
pot_ceil = lambda N: 0x1 << ceil(log2(N))

测试:

for i in range(10):
    print(i, pot_ceil(i))

输出:

1 1
2 2
3 4
4 4
5 8
6 8
7 8
8 8
9 16
10 16

试图为这个问题找到一个“终极”解决方案。下面的代码

针对的是C语言(不是c++)， 使用编译器内置生成有效的代码(CLZ或BSR指令)，如果编译器支持任何， 是便携式的(标准C和没有汇编)，除了内置，和 处理所有未定义的行为。

如果你用c++编写，你可以适当地调整代码。注意，c++ 20引入了std::bit_ceil，它做了完全相同的事情，只是在某些条件下行为可能是未定义的。

#include <limits.h>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
# if _MSC_VER >= 1400
/* _BitScanReverse is introduced in Visual C++ 2005 and requires
   <intrin.h> (also introduced in Visual C++ 2005). */
#include <intrin.h>
#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse)
#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse64)
#  define HAVE_BITSCANREVERSE 1
# endif
#endif

/* Macro indicating that the compiler supports __builtin_clz().
   The name HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ seems to be the most common, but in some
   projects HAVE__BUILTIN_CLZ is used instead. */
#ifdef __has_builtin
# if __has_builtin(__builtin_clz)
#  define HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ 1
# endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
# if (__GNUC__ > 3)
#  define HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ 1
# elif defined(__GNUC_MINOR__)
#  if (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 4)
#   define HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ 1
#  endif
# endif
#endif

/**
 * Returns the smallest power of two that is not smaller than x.
 */
unsigned long int next_power_of_2_long(unsigned long int x)
{
    if (x <= 1) {
        return 1;
    }
    x--;

#ifdef HAVE_BITSCANREVERSE
    if (x > (ULONG_MAX >> 1)) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        unsigned long int index;
        (void) _BitScanReverse(&index, x);
        return (1UL << (index + 1));
    }
#elif defined(HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ)
    if (x > (ULONG_MAX >> 1)) {
        return 0;
    }
    return (1UL << (sizeof(x) * CHAR_BIT - __builtin_clzl(x)));
#else
    /* Solution from "Bit Twiddling Hacks"
       <http://www.graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2>
       but converted to a loop for smaller code size.
       ("gcc -O3" will unroll this.) */
    {
        unsigned int shift;
        for (shift = 1; shift < sizeof(x) * CHAR_BIT; shift <<= 1) {
            x |= (x >> shift);
        }
    }
    return (x + 1);
#endif
}

unsigned int next_power_of_2(unsigned int x)
{
    if (x <= 1) {
        return 1;
    }
    x--;

#ifdef HAVE_BITSCANREVERSE
    if (x > (UINT_MAX >> 1)) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        unsigned long int index;
        (void) _BitScanReverse(&index, x);
        return (1U << (index + 1));
    }
#elif defined(HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ)
    if (x > (UINT_MAX >> 1)) {
        return 0;
    }
    return (1U << (sizeof(x) * CHAR_BIT - __builtin_clz(x)));
#else
    {
        unsigned int shift;
        for (shift = 1; shift < sizeof(x) * CHAR_BIT; shift <<= 1) {
            x |= (x >> shift);
        }
    }
    return (x + 1);
#endif
}

unsigned long long next_power_of_2_long_long(unsigned long long x)
{
    if (x <= 1) {
        return 1;
    }
    x--;

#if (defined(HAVE_BITSCANREVERSE) && \
    ULLONG_MAX == 18446744073709551615ULL)
    if (x > (ULLONG_MAX >> 1)) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        /* assert(sizeof(__int64) == sizeof(long long)); */
        unsigned long int index;
        (void) _BitScanReverse64(&index, x);
        return (1ULL << (index + 1));
    }
#elif defined(HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ)
    if (x > (ULLONG_MAX >> 1)) {
        return 0;
    }
    return (1ULL << (sizeof(x) * CHAR_BIT - __builtin_clzll(x)));
#else
    {
        unsigned int shift;
        for (shift = 1; shift < sizeof(x) * CHAR_BIT; shift <<= 1) {
            x |= (x >> shift);
        }
    }
    return (x + 1);
#endif
}

假设你有一个好的编译器&它可以做bit twiddling在这一点上我以上，但无论如何这是工作!!

    // http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#IntegerLogObvious
    #define SH1(v)  ((v-1) | ((v-1) >> 1))            // accidently came up w/ this...
    #define SH2(v)  ((v) | ((v) >> 2))
    #define SH4(v)  ((v) | ((v) >> 4))
    #define SH8(v)  ((v) | ((v) >> 8))
    #define SH16(v) ((v) | ((v) >> 16))
    #define OP(v) (SH16(SH8(SH4(SH2(SH1(v))))))         

    #define CB0(v)   ((v) - (((v) >> 1) & 0x55555555))
    #define CB1(v)   (((v) & 0x33333333) + (((v) >> 2) & 0x33333333))
    #define CB2(v)   ((((v) + ((v) >> 4) & 0xF0F0F0F) * 0x1010101) >> 24)
    #define CBSET(v) (CB2(CB1(CB0((v)))))
    #define FLOG2(v) (CBSET(OP(v)))

测试代码如下:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#IntegerLogObvious
#define SH1(v)  ((v-1) | ((v-1) >> 1))  // accidently guess this...
#define SH2(v)  ((v) | ((v) >> 2))
#define SH4(v)  ((v) | ((v) >> 4))
#define SH8(v)  ((v) | ((v) >> 8))
#define SH16(v) ((v) | ((v) >> 16))
#define OP(v) (SH16(SH8(SH4(SH2(SH1(v))))))         

#define CB0(v)   ((v) - (((v) >> 1) & 0x55555555))
#define CB1(v)   (((v) & 0x33333333) + (((v) >> 2) & 0x33333333))
#define CB2(v)   ((((v) + ((v) >> 4) & 0xF0F0F0F) * 0x1010101) >> 24)
#define CBSET(v) (CB2(CB1(CB0((v)))))
#define FLOG2(v) (CBSET(OP(v))) 

#define SZ4         FLOG2(4)
#define SZ6         FLOG2(6)
#define SZ7         FLOG2(7)
#define SZ8         FLOG2(8) 
#define SZ9         FLOG2(9)
#define SZ16        FLOG2(16)
#define SZ17        FLOG2(17)
#define SZ127       FLOG2(127)
#define SZ1023      FLOG2(1023)
#define SZ1024      FLOG2(1024)
#define SZ2_17      FLOG2((1ul << 17))  // 
#define SZ_LOG2     FLOG2(SZ)

#define DBG_PRINT(x) do { std::printf("Line:%-4d" "  %10s = %-10d\n", __LINE__, #x, x); } while(0);

uint32_t arrTble[FLOG2(63)];

int main(){
    int8_t n;

    DBG_PRINT(SZ4);    
    DBG_PRINT(SZ6);    
    DBG_PRINT(SZ7);    
    DBG_PRINT(SZ8);    
    DBG_PRINT(SZ9); 
    DBG_PRINT(SZ16);
    DBG_PRINT(SZ17);
    DBG_PRINT(SZ127);
    DBG_PRINT(SZ1023);
    DBG_PRINT(SZ1024);
    DBG_PRINT(SZ2_17);

    return(0);
}

输出:

Line:39           SZ4 = 2
Line:40           SZ6 = 3
Line:41           SZ7 = 3
Line:42           SZ8 = 3
Line:43           SZ9 = 4
Line:44          SZ16 = 4
Line:45          SZ17 = 5
Line:46         SZ127 = 7
Line:47        SZ1023 = 10
Line:48        SZ1024 = 10
Line:49        SZ2_16 = 17

我试着找到最接近2的次幂，然后写出这个函数。希望它能帮助你。只要用最近的小数乘以2，就能得到2的最近上次方

int nearest_upper_power(int number){
    int temp=number;
    while((number&(number-1))!=0){
        temp<<=1;
        number&=temp;
    }
    //Here number is closest lower power 
    number*=2;
    return number;
}

将其转换为浮点数，然后使用.hex()来显示标准化的IEEE表示。

> > >(789)浮动.hex () “0 x1.8a80000000000p + 9”

然后提取指数，再加1。

>>> int（float（789）.hex（）.split（'p+'）[1]） + 1 10

取2的这个次方。

> > > 2 * * (int (float(789)。hex(),斯普利特(“p +”)[1])+ 1) 1024