对于任何unsigned类型，构建在Bit Twiddling Hacks上:

#include <climits>
#include <type_traits>

template <typename UnsignedType>
UnsignedType round_up_to_power_of_2(UnsignedType v) {
  static_assert(std::is_unsigned<UnsignedType>::value, "Only works for unsigned types");
  v--;
  for (size_t i = 1; i < sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT; i *= 2) //Prefer size_t "Warning comparison between signed and unsigned integer"
  {
    v |= v >> i;
  }
  return ++v;
}

这里并没有真正的循环，因为编译器在编译时知道迭代的次数。

对于任何unsigned类型，构建在Bit Twiddling Hacks上:

#include <climits>
#include <type_traits>

template <typename UnsignedType>
UnsignedType round_up_to_power_of_2(UnsignedType v) {
  static_assert(std::is_unsigned<UnsignedType>::value, "Only works for unsigned types");
  v--;
  for (size_t i = 1; i < sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT; i *= 2) //Prefer size_t "Warning comparison between signed and unsigned integer"
  {
    v |= v >> i;
  }
  return ++v;
}

这里并没有真正的循环，因为编译器在编译时知道迭代的次数。

import sys


def is_power2(x):
    return x > 0 and ((x & (x - 1)) == 0)


def find_nearest_power2(x):
    if x <= 0:
        raise ValueError("invalid input")
    if is_power2(x):
        return x
    else:
        bits = get_bits(x)
        upper = 1 << (bits)
        lower = 1 << (bits - 1)
        mid = (upper + lower) // 2
        if (x - mid) > 0:
            return upper
        else:
            return lower


def get_bits(x):
    """return number of bits in binary representation"""
    if x < 0:
        raise ValueError("invalid input: input should be positive integer")
    count = 0
    while (x != 0):
        try:
            x = x >> 1
        except TypeError as error:
            print(error, "input should be of type integer")
            sys.exit(1)
        count += 1
    return count

这是我用来让它成为一个常数表达式的，如果输入是一个常数表达式的话。

#define uptopow2_0(v) ((v) - 1)
#define uptopow2_1(v) (uptopow2_0(v) | uptopow2_0(v) >> 1)
#define uptopow2_2(v) (uptopow2_1(v) | uptopow2_1(v) >> 2)
#define uptopow2_3(v) (uptopow2_2(v) | uptopow2_2(v) >> 4)
#define uptopow2_4(v) (uptopow2_3(v) | uptopow2_3(v) >> 8)
#define uptopow2_5(v) (uptopow2_4(v) | uptopow2_4(v) >> 16)

#define uptopow2(v) (uptopow2_5(v) + 1)  /* this is the one programmer uses */

例如，这样的表达式:

uptopow2(sizeof (struct foo))

会很好地化简为常数。

c#中的可移植解决方案:

int GetNextPowerOfTwo(int input) {
    return 1 << (int)Math.Ceiling(Math.Log2(input));
}

Math.Ceiling(Math.Log2(value))计算2的下一个幂的指数，1 <<通过移位计算实值。

更快的解决方案，如果你有。net Core 3或更高版本:

uint GetNextPowerOfTwoFaster(uint input) {
    return (uint)1 << (sizeof(uint) * 8 - System.Numerics.BitOperations.LeadingZeroCount(input - 1));
}

这将使用system . numbers . bitoperations . leadingzerocount()，如果可用，则使用硬件指令:

https://github.com/dotnet/corert/blob/master/src/System.Private.CoreLib/shared/System/Numerics/BitOperations.cs

更新:

RoundUpToPowerOf2()即将在。net 6!内部实现与上面的. net Core 3解决方案基本相同。

这里是社区更新。

为了完整起见，这里是用标准C语言实现的浮点数。

double next_power_of_two(double value) {
    int exp;
    if(frexp(value, &exp) == 0.5) {
        // Omit this case to round precise powers of two up to the *next* power
        return value;
    }
    return ldexp(1.0, exp);
}