我试图使用python模拟包来模拟python请求模块。让我在下面的场景中工作的基本调用是什么?
在views.py中,我有一个函数,它每次都以不同的响应进行各种request .get()调用
def myview(request):
res1 = requests.get('aurl')
res2 = request.get('burl')
res3 = request.get('curl')
在我的测试类中,我想做类似的事情,但不能确定确切的方法调用
步骤1:
# Mock the requests module
# when mockedRequests.get('aurl') is called then return 'a response'
# when mockedRequests.get('burl') is called then return 'b response'
# when mockedRequests.get('curl') is called then return 'c response'
步骤2:
调用我的视图
步骤3:
验证响应包含'a response', 'b response', 'c response'
我如何完成第1步(模拟请求模块)?
使用requests_mock可以很容易地修补任何请求
pip install requests-mock
from unittest import TestCase
import requests_mock
from <yourmodule> import <method> (auth)
class TestApi(TestCase):
@requests_mock.Mocker()
def test_01_authentication(self, m):
"""Successful authentication using username password"""
token = 'token'
m.post(f'http://localhost/auth', json= {'token': token})
act_token =auth("user", "pass")
self.assertEqual(act_token, token)
解决请求的一个可能的方法是使用库betamax,它记录所有的请求,之后如果你在相同的url中使用相同的参数发出请求,betamax将使用记录的请求,我一直在用它来测试网络爬虫,它节省了我很多时间。
import os
import requests
from betamax import Betamax
from betamax_serializers import pretty_json
WORKERS_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
CASSETTES_DIR = os.path.join(WORKERS_DIR, u'resources', u'cassettes')
MATCH_REQUESTS_ON = [u'method', u'uri', u'path', u'query']
Betamax.register_serializer(pretty_json.PrettyJSONSerializer)
with Betamax.configure() as config:
config.cassette_library_dir = CASSETTES_DIR
config.default_cassette_options[u'serialize_with'] = u'prettyjson'
config.default_cassette_options[u'match_requests_on'] = MATCH_REQUESTS_ON
config.default_cassette_options[u'preserve_exact_body_bytes'] = True
class WorkerCertidaoTRT2:
session = requests.session()
def make_request(self, input_json):
with Betamax(self.session) as vcr:
vcr.use_cassette(u'google')
response = session.get('http://www.google.com')
https://betamax.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
您可以使用request -mock代替吗?
假设你的myview函数接受一个请求。Session对象,用它发出请求,并对输出做一些事情:
# mypackage.py
def myview(session):
res1 = session.get("http://aurl")
res2 = session.get("http://burl")
res3 = session.get("http://curl")
return f"{res1.text}, {res2.text}, {res3.text}"
# test_myview.py
from mypackage import myview
import requests
def test_myview(requests_mock):
# set up requests
a_req = requests_mock.get("http://aurl", text="a response")
b_req = requests_mock.get("http://burl", text="b response")
c_req = requests_mock.get("http://curl", text="c response")
# test myview behaviour
session = requests.Session()
assert myview(session) == "a response, b response, c response"
# check that requests weren't called repeatedly
assert a_req.called_once
assert b_req.called_once
assert c_req.called_once
assert requests_mock.call_count == 3
你也可以在Pytest之外的框架中使用requests_mock——文档非常棒。
我使用requests-mock为单独的模块编写测试:
# module.py
import requests
class A():
def get_response(self, url):
response = requests.get(url)
return response.text
测试:
# tests.py
import requests_mock
import unittest
from module import A
class TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):
@requests_mock.mock()
def test_get_response(self, m):
a = A()
m.get('http://aurl.com', text='a response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://aurl.com'), 'a response')
m.get('http://burl.com', text='b response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://burl.com'), 'b response')
m.get('http://curl.com', text='c response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://curl.com'), 'c response')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
只是一个有用的提示给那些仍然挣扎,从urllib或urllib2/urllib3转换到请求,并试图模拟一个响应-我在实现我的模拟时得到了一个稍微令人困惑的错误:
与请求。get(path, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', 'pass'), verify=False) as url:
AttributeError: __enter__
当然,如果我知道with如何工作(我不知道),我就会知道这是一个残留的、不必要的上下文(来自PEP 343)。在使用请求库时没有必要,因为它在底层为您做了基本相同的事情。只需删除with并使用bare requests.get(…),就万事大吉了。