这对我来说是可行的，尽管我还没有做太多复杂的测试。

import json
from requests import Response

class MockResponse(Response):
    def __init__(self,
                 url='http://example.com',
                 headers={'Content-Type':'text/html; charset=UTF-8'},
                 status_code=200,
                 reason = 'Success',
                 _content = 'Some html goes here',
                 json_ = None,
                 encoding='UTF-8'
                 ):
    self.url = url
    self.headers = headers
    if json_ and headers['Content-Type'] == 'application/json':
        self._content = json.dumps(json_).encode(encoding)
    else:
        self._content = _content.encode(encoding)

    self.status_code = status_code
    self.reason = reason
    self.encoding = encoding

然后你可以创建响应:

mock_response = MockResponse(
    headers={'Content-Type' :'application/json'},
    status_code=401,
    json_={'success': False},
    reason='Unauthorized'
)
mock_response.raise_for_status()

给了

requests.exceptions.HTTPError: 401 Client Error: Unauthorized for url: http://example.com

只是一个有用的提示给那些仍然挣扎，从urllib或urllib2/urllib3转换到请求，并试图模拟一个响应-我在实现我的模拟时得到了一个稍微令人困惑的错误:

与请求。get(path, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user'， 'pass')， verify=False) as url:

AttributeError: __enter__

当然，如果我知道with如何工作(我不知道)，我就会知道这是一个残留的、不必要的上下文(来自PEP 343)。在使用请求库时没有必要，因为它在底层为您做了基本相同的事情。只需删除with并使用bare requests.get(…)，就万事大吉了。

你可以这样做(你可以按原样运行这个文件):

import requests
import unittest
from unittest import mock

# This is the class we want to test
class MyGreatClass:
    def fetch_json(self, url):
        response = requests.get(url)
        return response.json()

# This method will be used by the mock to replace requests.get
def mocked_requests_get(*args, **kwargs):
    class MockResponse:
        def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
            self.json_data = json_data
            self.status_code = status_code

        def json(self):
            return self.json_data

    if args[0] == 'http://someurl.com/test.json':
        return MockResponse({"key1": "value1"}, 200)
    elif args[0] == 'http://someotherurl.com/anothertest.json':
        return MockResponse({"key2": "value2"}, 200)

    return MockResponse(None, 404)

# Our test case class
class MyGreatClassTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    # We patch 'requests.get' with our own method. The mock object is passed in to our test case method.
    @mock.patch('requests.get', side_effect=mocked_requests_get)
    def test_fetch(self, mock_get):
        # Assert requests.get calls
        mgc = MyGreatClass()
        json_data = mgc.fetch_json('http://someurl.com/test.json')
        self.assertEqual(json_data, {"key1": "value1"})
        json_data = mgc.fetch_json('http://someotherurl.com/anothertest.json')
        self.assertEqual(json_data, {"key2": "value2"})
        json_data = mgc.fetch_json('http://nonexistenturl.com/cantfindme.json')
        self.assertIsNone(json_data)

        # We can even assert that our mocked method was called with the right parameters
        self.assertIn(mock.call('http://someurl.com/test.json'), mock_get.call_args_list)
        self.assertIn(mock.call('http://someotherurl.com/anothertest.json'), mock_get.call_args_list)

        self.assertEqual(len(mock_get.call_args_list), 3)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

重要提示:如果你的MyGreatClass类位于不同的包中，请输入my.great。你必须模仿my。great。Package。requests。get而不是request。get。在这种情况下，你的测试用例看起来像这样:

import unittest
from unittest import mock
from my.great.package import MyGreatClass

# This method will be used by the mock to replace requests.get
def mocked_requests_get(*args, **kwargs):
    # Same as above


class MyGreatClassTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    # Now we must patch 'my.great.package.requests.get'
    @mock.patch('my.great.package.requests.get', side_effect=mocked_requests_get)
    def test_fetch(self, mock_get):
        # Same as above

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

享受吧!

您可以使用request -mock代替吗?

假设你的myview函数接受一个请求。Session对象，用它发出请求，并对输出做一些事情:

# mypackage.py
def myview(session):
    res1 = session.get("http://aurl")
    res2 = session.get("http://burl")
    res3 = session.get("http://curl")
    return f"{res1.text}, {res2.text}, {res3.text}"

# test_myview.py
from mypackage import myview
import requests

def test_myview(requests_mock):
    # set up requests
    a_req = requests_mock.get("http://aurl", text="a response")
    b_req = requests_mock.get("http://burl", text="b response")
    c_req = requests_mock.get("http://curl", text="c response")

    # test myview behaviour
    session = requests.Session()
    assert myview(session) == "a response, b response, c response"

    # check that requests weren't called repeatedly
    assert a_req.called_once
    assert b_req.called_once
    assert c_req.called_once
    assert requests_mock.call_count == 3

你也可以在Pytest之外的框架中使用requests_mock——文档非常棒。

如果使用pytest:

>>> import pytest
>>> import requests

>>> def test_url(requests_mock):
...     requests_mock.get('http://test.com', text='data')
...     assert 'data' == requests.get('http://test.com').text

摘自官方文件

解决请求的一个可能的方法是使用库betamax，它记录所有的请求，之后如果你在相同的url中使用相同的参数发出请求，betamax将使用记录的请求，我一直在用它来测试网络爬虫，它节省了我很多时间。

import os

import requests
from betamax import Betamax
from betamax_serializers import pretty_json


WORKERS_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
CASSETTES_DIR = os.path.join(WORKERS_DIR, u'resources', u'cassettes')
MATCH_REQUESTS_ON = [u'method', u'uri', u'path', u'query']

Betamax.register_serializer(pretty_json.PrettyJSONSerializer)
with Betamax.configure() as config:
    config.cassette_library_dir = CASSETTES_DIR
    config.default_cassette_options[u'serialize_with'] = u'prettyjson'
    config.default_cassette_options[u'match_requests_on'] = MATCH_REQUESTS_ON
    config.default_cassette_options[u'preserve_exact_body_bytes'] = True


class WorkerCertidaoTRT2:
    session = requests.session()

    def make_request(self, input_json):
        with Betamax(self.session) as vcr:
            vcr.use_cassette(u'google')
            response = session.get('http://www.google.com')

https://betamax.readthedocs.io/en/latest/