如何模拟请求和响应?

我试图使用python模拟包来模拟python请求模块。让我在下面的场景中工作的基本调用是什么?

在views.py中，我有一个函数，它每次都以不同的响应进行各种request .get()调用

def myview(request):
  res1 = requests.get('aurl')
  res2 = request.get('burl')
  res3 = request.get('curl')

在我的测试类中，我想做类似的事情，但不能确定确切的方法调用

步骤1:

# Mock the requests module
# when mockedRequests.get('aurl') is called then return 'a response'
# when mockedRequests.get('burl') is called then return 'b response'
# when mockedRequests.get('curl') is called then return 'c response'

步骤2:

调用我的视图

步骤3:

验证响应包含'a response'， 'b response'， 'c response'

我如何完成第1步(模拟请求模块)?

当前回答

目前最简单的方法:

from unittest import TestCase
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch

from .utils import method_foo


class TestFoo(TestCase):

    @patch.object(utils_requests, "post")  # change to desired method here
    def test_foo(self, mock_requests_post):
        # EXPLANATION: mocked 'post' method above will return some built-in mock, 
        # and its method 'json' will return mock 'mock_data',
        # which got argument 'return_value' with our data to be returned
        mock_data = Mock(return_value=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}])
        mock_requests_post.return_value.json = mock_data

        method_foo()

        # TODO: asserts here


"""
Example of method that you can test in utils.py
"""
def method_foo():
    response = requests.post("http://example.com")
    records = response.json()
    for record in records:
        print(record.get("id"))
        # do other stuff here

2021-10-25 10:48:47

其他回答

以下是对我有效的方法:

import mock
@mock.patch('requests.get', mock.Mock(side_effect = lambda k:{'aurl': 'a response', 'burl' : 'b response'}.get(k, 'unhandled request %s'%k)))

2013-04-02 21:56:26

这就是模拟请求的方法。Post，将其更改为HTTP方法

@patch.object(requests, 'post')
def your_test_method(self, mockpost):
    mockresponse = Mock()
    mockpost.return_value = mockresponse
    mockresponse.text = 'mock return'

    #call your target method now

2017-02-17 23:02:59

尝试使用响应库。以下是他们文档中的一个例子:

import responses
import requests

@responses.activate
def test_simple():
    responses.add(responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar',
                  json={'error': 'not found'}, status=404)

    resp = requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')

    assert resp.json() == {"error": "not found"}

    assert len(responses.calls) == 1
    assert responses.calls[0].request.url == 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar'
    assert responses.calls[0].response.text == '{"error": "not found"}'

相比于自己设置所有的mock，它提供了相当好的便利。

还有HTTPretty:

它不是特定于请求库，在某些方面更强大，尽管我发现它不太适合检查它拦截的请求，而响应则很容易

还有httmock。

最近，一个比古老的请求更受欢迎的新库是httpx，它增加了对异步的一等支持。httpx的模拟库是:https://github.com/lundberg/respx

2014-05-28 14:29:26

如果使用pytest:

>>> import pytest
>>> import requests

>>> def test_url(requests_mock):
...     requests_mock.get('http://test.com', text='data')
...     assert 'data' == requests.get('http://test.com').text

摘自官方文件

2022-11-11 19:46:11

您可以使用request -mock代替吗?

假设你的myview函数接受一个请求。Session对象，用它发出请求，并对输出做一些事情:

# mypackage.py
def myview(session):
    res1 = session.get("http://aurl")
    res2 = session.get("http://burl")
    res3 = session.get("http://curl")
    return f"{res1.text}, {res2.text}, {res3.text}"

# test_myview.py
from mypackage import myview
import requests

def test_myview(requests_mock):
    # set up requests
    a_req = requests_mock.get("http://aurl", text="a response")
    b_req = requests_mock.get("http://burl", text="b response")
    c_req = requests_mock.get("http://curl", text="c response")

    # test myview behaviour
    session = requests.Session()
    assert myview(session) == "a response, b response, c response"

    # check that requests weren't called repeatedly
    assert a_req.called_once
    assert b_req.called_once
    assert c_req.called_once
    assert requests_mock.call_count == 3

你也可以在Pytest之外的框架中使用requests_mock——文档非常棒。

2022-01-10 16:16:48

如何模拟请求和响应?

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