我试图使用python模拟包来模拟python请求模块。让我在下面的场景中工作的基本调用是什么?
在views.py中，我有一个函数，它每次都以不同的响应进行各种request .get()调用
def myview(request):
res1 = requests.get('aurl')
res2 = request.get('burl')
res3 = request.get('curl')
在我的测试类中，我想做类似的事情，但不能确定确切的方法调用
步骤1:
# Mock the requests module
# when mockedRequests.get('aurl') is called then return 'a response'
# when mockedRequests.get('burl') is called then return 'b response'
# when mockedRequests.get('curl') is called then return 'c response'
步骤2:
调用我的视图
步骤3:
验证响应包含'a response'， 'b response'， 'c response'
我如何完成第1步(模拟请求模块)?
我使用requests-mock为单独的模块编写测试:
# module.py
import requests
class A():
def get_response(self, url):
response = requests.get(url)
return response.text
测试:
# tests.py
import requests_mock
import unittest
from module import A
class TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):
@requests_mock.mock()
def test_get_response(self, m):
a = A()
m.get('http://aurl.com', text='a response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://aurl.com'), 'a response')
m.get('http://burl.com', text='b response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://burl.com'), 'b response')
m.get('http://curl.com', text='c response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://curl.com'), 'c response')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
我将演示如何通过将真正的请求与返回相同数据的假请求交换来将编程逻辑与实际的外部库分离。在你看来，如果外部api调用，那么这个过程是最好的
import pytest
from unittest.mock import patch
from django.test import RequestFactory
@patch("path(projectname.appname.filename).requests.post")
def test_mock_response(self, mock_get, rf: RequestFactory):
mock_get.return_value.ok = Mock(ok=True)
mock_get.return_value.status_code = 400
mock_get.return_value.json.return_value = {you can define here dummy response}
request = rf.post("test/", data=self.payload)
response = view_name_view(request)
expected_response = {
"success": False,
"status": "unsuccessful",
}
assert response.data == expected_response
assert response.status_code == 400
解决请求的一个可能的方法是使用库betamax，它记录所有的请求，之后如果你在相同的url中使用相同的参数发出请求，betamax将使用记录的请求，我一直在用它来测试网络爬虫，它节省了我很多时间。
import os
import requests
from betamax import Betamax
from betamax_serializers import pretty_json
WORKERS_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
CASSETTES_DIR = os.path.join(WORKERS_DIR, u'resources', u'cassettes')
MATCH_REQUESTS_ON = [u'method', u'uri', u'path', u'query']
Betamax.register_serializer(pretty_json.PrettyJSONSerializer)
with Betamax.configure() as config:
config.cassette_library_dir = CASSETTES_DIR
config.default_cassette_options[u'serialize_with'] = u'prettyjson'
config.default_cassette_options[u'match_requests_on'] = MATCH_REQUESTS_ON
config.default_cassette_options[u'preserve_exact_body_bytes'] = True
class WorkerCertidaoTRT2:
session = requests.session()
def make_request(self, input_json):
with Betamax(self.session) as vcr:
vcr.use_cassette(u'google')
response = session.get('http://www.google.com')
https://betamax.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
使用requests_mock可以很容易地修补任何请求
pip install requests-mock
from unittest import TestCase
import requests_mock
from <yourmodule> import <method> (auth)
class TestApi(TestCase):
@requests_mock.Mocker()
def test_01_authentication(self, m):
"""Successful authentication using username password"""
token = 'token'
m.post(f'http://localhost/auth', json= {'token': token})
act_token =auth("user", "pass")
self.assertEqual(act_token, token)
我从Johannes Farhenkrug的答案开始，它对我很有效。我需要模拟请求库，因为我的目标是隔离我的应用程序，不测试任何第三方资源。
然后我读了更多关于python的Mock库，我意识到我可以用python Mock类替换MockResponse类，你可能称之为“Test Double”或“Fake”。
这样做的好处是可以访问assert_called_with, call_args等。不需要额外的库。额外的好处，如“可读性”或“更python化”是主观的，所以它们可能对你有影响，也可能没有。
这是我的版本，更新使用python的Mock而不是test double:
import json
import requests
from unittest import mock
# defube stubs
AUTH_TOKEN = '{"prop": "value"}'
LIST_OF_WIDGETS = '{"widgets": ["widget1", "widget2"]}'
PURCHASED_WIDGETS = '{"widgets": ["purchased_widget"]}'
# exception class when an unknown URL is mocked
class MockNotSupported(Exception):
pass
# factory method that cranks out the Mocks
def mock_requests_factory(response_stub: str, status_code: int = 200):
return mock.Mock(**{
'json.return_value': json.loads(response_stub),
'text.return_value': response_stub,
'status_code': status_code,
'ok': status_code == 200
})
# side effect mock function
def mock_requests_post(*args, **kwargs):
if args[0].endswith('/api/v1/get_auth_token'):
return mock_requests_factory(AUTH_TOKEN)
elif args[0].endswith('/api/v1/get_widgets'):
return mock_requests_factory(LIST_OF_WIDGETS)
elif args[0].endswith('/api/v1/purchased_widgets'):
return mock_requests_factory(PURCHASED_WIDGETS)
raise MockNotSupported
# patch requests.post and run tests
with mock.patch('requests.post') as requests_post_mock:
requests_post_mock.side_effect = mock_requests_post
response = requests.post('https://myserver/api/v1/get_widgets')
assert response.ok is True
assert response.status_code == 200
assert 'widgets' in response.json()
# now I can also do this
requests_post_mock.assert_called_with('https://myserver/api/v1/get_widgets')
Repl。它的链接:
https://repl.it/@abkonsta/Using-unittestMock-for-requestspost#main.py
https://repl.it/@abkonsta/Using-test-double-for-requestspost#main.py
