我试图使用python模拟包来模拟python请求模块。让我在下面的场景中工作的基本调用是什么?
在views.py中，我有一个函数，它每次都以不同的响应进行各种request .get()调用
def myview(request):
res1 = requests.get('aurl')
res2 = request.get('burl')
res3 = request.get('curl')
在我的测试类中，我想做类似的事情，但不能确定确切的方法调用
步骤1:
# Mock the requests module
# when mockedRequests.get('aurl') is called then return 'a response'
# when mockedRequests.get('burl') is called then return 'b response'
# when mockedRequests.get('curl') is called then return 'c response'
步骤2:
调用我的视图
步骤3:
验证响应包含'a response'， 'b response'， 'c response'
我如何完成第1步(模拟请求模块)?
我使用requests-mock为单独的模块编写测试:
# module.py
import requests
class A():
def get_response(self, url):
response = requests.get(url)
return response.text
测试:
# tests.py
import requests_mock
import unittest
from module import A
class TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):
@requests_mock.mock()
def test_get_response(self, m):
a = A()
m.get('http://aurl.com', text='a response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://aurl.com'), 'a response')
m.get('http://burl.com', text='b response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://burl.com'), 'b response')
m.get('http://curl.com', text='c response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://curl.com'), 'c response')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
我使用requests-mock为单独的模块编写测试:
# module.py
import requests
class A():
def get_response(self, url):
response = requests.get(url)
return response.text
测试:
# tests.py
import requests_mock
import unittest
from module import A
class TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):
@requests_mock.mock()
def test_get_response(self, m):
a = A()
m.get('http://aurl.com', text='a response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://aurl.com'), 'a response')
m.get('http://burl.com', text='b response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://burl.com'), 'b response')
m.get('http://curl.com', text='c response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://curl.com'), 'c response')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
目前最简单的方法:
from unittest import TestCase
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
from .utils import method_foo
class TestFoo(TestCase):
@patch.object(utils_requests, "post") # change to desired method here
def test_foo(self, mock_requests_post):
# EXPLANATION: mocked 'post' method above will return some built-in mock,
# and its method 'json' will return mock 'mock_data',
# which got argument 'return_value' with our data to be returned
mock_data = Mock(return_value=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}])
mock_requests_post.return_value.json = mock_data
method_foo()
# TODO: asserts here
"""
Example of method that you can test in utils.py
"""
def method_foo():
response = requests.post("http://example.com")
records = response.json()
for record in records:
print(record.get("id"))
# do other stuff here
尝试使用响应库。以下是他们文档中的一个例子:
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
responses.add(responses.GET, 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar',
json={'error': 'not found'}, status=404)
resp = requests.get('http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar')
assert resp.json() == {"error": "not found"}
assert len(responses.calls) == 1
assert responses.calls[0].request.url == 'http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar'
assert responses.calls[0].response.text == '{"error": "not found"}'
相比于自己设置所有的mock，它提供了相当好的便利。
还有HTTPretty:
它不是特定于请求库，在某些方面更强大，尽管我发现它不太适合检查它拦截的请求，而响应则很容易
还有httmock。
最近，一个比古老的请求更受欢迎的新库是httpx，它增加了对异步的一等支持。httpx的模拟库是:https://github.com/lundberg/respx
为了避免安装其他依赖项，您应该创建一个假响应。这个FakeResponse可以是Response的子类(我认为这是一个很好的方法，因为它更现实)，或者只是一个具有您需要的属性的简单类。
简单的假类
class FakeResponse:
status_code = None
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.status_code = 500
self.text = ""
回应之子
class FakeResponse(Response):
encoding = False
_content = None
def __init__(*args, **kwargs):
super(FakeResponse).__thisclass__.status_code = 500
# Requests requires to be not be None, if not throws an exception
# For reference: https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3698#issuecomment-261115119
super(FakeResponse).__thisclass__.raw = io.BytesIO()
