我试图使用python模拟包来模拟python请求模块。让我在下面的场景中工作的基本调用是什么?
在views.py中，我有一个函数，它每次都以不同的响应进行各种request .get()调用
def myview(request):
res1 = requests.get('aurl')
res2 = request.get('burl')
res3 = request.get('curl')
在我的测试类中，我想做类似的事情，但不能确定确切的方法调用
步骤1:
# Mock the requests module
# when mockedRequests.get('aurl') is called then return 'a response'
# when mockedRequests.get('burl') is called then return 'b response'
# when mockedRequests.get('curl') is called then return 'c response'
步骤2:
调用我的视图
步骤3:
验证响应包含'a response'， 'b response'， 'c response'
我如何完成第1步(模拟请求模块)?
我使用requests-mock为单独的模块编写测试:
# module.py
import requests
class A():
def get_response(self, url):
response = requests.get(url)
return response.text
测试:
# tests.py
import requests_mock
import unittest
from module import A
class TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):
@requests_mock.mock()
def test_get_response(self, m):
a = A()
m.get('http://aurl.com', text='a response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://aurl.com'), 'a response')
m.get('http://burl.com', text='b response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://burl.com'), 'b response')
m.get('http://curl.com', text='c response')
self.assertEqual(a.get_response('http://curl.com'), 'c response')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
对于那些不想为pytest安装额外库的人，这里有一个例子。我将在这里复制一些扩展，基于上面的例子:
import datetime
import requests
class MockResponse:
def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
self.json_data = json_data
self.status_code = status_code
self.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)
# mock json() method always returns a specific testing dictionary
def json(self):
return self.json_data
def test_get_json(monkeypatch):
# Any arguments may be passed and mock_get() will always return our
# mocked object, which only has the .json() method.
def mock_get(*args, **kwargs):
return MockResponse({'mock_key': 'mock_value'}, 418)
# apply the monkeypatch for requests.get to mock_get
monkeypatch.setattr(requests, 'get', mock_get)
# app.get_json, which contains requests.get, uses the monkeypatch
response = requests.get('https://fakeurl')
response_json = response.json()
assert response_json['mock_key'] == 'mock_value'
assert response.status_code == 418
assert response.elapsed.total_seconds() == 1
============================= test session starts ==============================
collecting ... collected 1 item
test_so.py::test_get_json PASSED [100%]
============================== 1 passed in 0.07s ===============================
下面是一个带有请求响应类的解决方案。恕我直言，它更干净。
import json
from unittest.mock import patch
from requests.models import Response
def mocked_requests_get(*args, **kwargs):
response_content = None
request_url = kwargs.get('url', None)
if request_url == 'aurl':
response_content = json.dumps('a response')
elif request_url == 'burl':
response_content = json.dumps('b response')
elif request_url == 'curl':
response_content = json.dumps('c response')
response = Response()
response.status_code = 200
response._content = str.encode(response_content)
return response
@mock.patch('requests.get', side_effect=mocked_requests_get)
def test_fetch(self, mock_get):
response = requests.get(url='aurl')
assert ...
目前最简单的方法:
from unittest import TestCase
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
from .utils import method_foo
class TestFoo(TestCase):
@patch.object(utils_requests, "post") # change to desired method here
def test_foo(self, mock_requests_post):
# EXPLANATION: mocked 'post' method above will return some built-in mock,
# and its method 'json' will return mock 'mock_data',
# which got argument 'return_value' with our data to be returned
mock_data = Mock(return_value=[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}])
mock_requests_post.return_value.json = mock_data
method_foo()
# TODO: asserts here
"""
Example of method that you can test in utils.py
"""
def method_foo():
response = requests.post("http://example.com")
records = response.json()
for record in records:
print(record.get("id"))
# do other stuff here
