虽然你会得到很多与实现两个堆栈的队列相关的帖子: 1. 要么使enQueue进程的开销大大增加 2. 或者通过增加deQueue进程的开销

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/queue-using-stacks/

我从上面的帖子中发现的一个重要方法是只使用堆栈数据结构和递归调用堆栈来构造队列。

虽然有人可能会说，从字面上看，这仍然是使用两个堆栈，但理想情况下，这只使用一个堆栈数据结构。

下面是问题的解释:

Declare a single stack for enQueuing and deQueing the data and push the data into the stack. while deQueueing have a base condition where the element of the stack is poped when the size of the stack is 1. This will ensure that there is no stack overflow during the deQueue recursion. While deQueueing first pop the data from the top of the stack. Ideally this element will be the element which is present at the top of the stack. Now once this is done, recursively call the deQueue function and then push the element popped above back into the stack.

代码如下所示:

if (s1.isEmpty())
System.out.println("The Queue is empty");
        else if (s1.size() == 1)
            return s1.pop();
        else {
            int x = s1.pop();
            int result = deQueue();
            s1.push(x);
            return result;

通过这种方式，您可以使用单个堆栈数据结构和递归调用堆栈创建队列。

您甚至可以只使用一个堆栈模拟一个队列。第二个(临时)堆栈可以通过对insert方法的递归调用的调用堆栈来模拟。

在队列中插入新元素时，原理保持不变:

您需要将元素从一个堆栈转移到另一个临时堆栈，以反转它们的顺序。 然后将要插入的新元素推入临时堆栈 然后将元素转移回原始堆栈 新元素将在堆栈的底部，而最老的元素在顶部(第一个被弹出)

一个Queue类只使用一个Stack，如下所示:

public class SimulatedQueue<E> {
    private java.util.Stack<E> stack = new java.util.Stack<E>();

    public void insert(E elem) {
        if (!stack.empty()) {
            E topElem = stack.pop();
            insert(elem);
            stack.push(topElem);
        }
        else
            stack.push(elem);
    }

    public E remove() {
        return stack.pop();
    }
}

在Swift中使用两个堆栈的队列实现:

struct Stack<Element> {
    var items = [Element]()

    var count : Int {
        return items.count
    }

    mutating func push(_ item: Element) {
        items.append(item)
    }

    mutating func pop() -> Element? {
        return items.removeLast()
    }

    func peek() -> Element? {
        return items.last
    }
}

struct Queue<Element> {
    var inStack = Stack<Element>()
    var outStack = Stack<Element>()

    mutating func enqueue(_ item: Element) {
        inStack.push(item)
    }

    mutating func dequeue() -> Element? {
        fillOutStack() 
        return outStack.pop()
    }

    mutating func peek() -> Element? {
        fillOutStack()
        return outStack.peek()
    }

    private mutating func fillOutStack() {
        if outStack.count == 0 {
            while inStack.count != 0 {
                outStack.push(inStack.pop()!)
            }
        }
    }
}

下面是使用ES6语法的javascript语言解决方案。

Stack.js

//stack using array
class Stack {
  constructor() {
    this.data = [];
  }

  push(data) {
    this.data.push(data);
  }

  pop() {
    return this.data.pop();
  }

  peek() {
    return this.data[this.data.length - 1];
  }

  size(){
    return this.data.length;
  }
}

export { Stack };

QueueUsingTwoStacks.js

import { Stack } from "./Stack";

class QueueUsingTwoStacks {
  constructor() {
    this.stack1 = new Stack();
    this.stack2 = new Stack();
  }

  enqueue(data) {
    this.stack1.push(data);
  }

  dequeue() {
    //if both stacks are empty, return undefined
    if (this.stack1.size() === 0 && this.stack2.size() === 0)
      return undefined;

    //if stack2 is empty, pop all elements from stack1 to stack2 till stack1 is empty
    if (this.stack2.size() === 0) {
      while (this.stack1.size() !== 0) {
        this.stack2.push(this.stack1.pop());
      }
    }

    //pop and return the element from stack 2
    return this.stack2.pop();
  }
}

export { QueueUsingTwoStacks };

用法如下:

index.js

import { StackUsingTwoQueues } from './StackUsingTwoQueues';

let que = new QueueUsingTwoStacks();
que.enqueue("A");
que.enqueue("B");
que.enqueue("C");

console.log(que.dequeue());  //output: "A"

使用两个java.util.Stack对象实现队列:

public final class QueueUsingStacks<E> {

        private final Stack<E> iStack = new Stack<>();
        private final Stack<E> oStack = new Stack<>();

        public void enqueue(E e) {
            iStack.push(e);
        }

        public E dequeue() {
            if (oStack.isEmpty()) {
                if (iStack.isEmpty()) {
                    throw new NoSuchElementException("No elements present in Queue");
                }
                while (!iStack.isEmpty()) {
                    oStack.push(iStack.pop());
                }
            }
            return oStack.pop();
        }

        public boolean isEmpty() {
            if (oStack.isEmpty() && iStack.isEmpty()) {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        public int size() {
            return iStack.size() + oStack.size();
        }

}

使用堆栈实现队列的以下操作。

push(x)——将元素x推到队列的后面。

pop()——从队列前面移除元素。

peek()——获取前端元素。

empty()——返回队列是否为空。

class MyQueue {

  Stack<Integer> input;
  Stack<Integer> output;

  /** Initialize your data structure here. */
  public MyQueue() {
    input = new Stack<Integer>();
    output = new Stack<Integer>();
  }

  /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
  public void push(int x) {
    input.push(x);
  }

  /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
  public int pop() {
    peek();
    return output.pop();
  }

  /** Get the front element. */
  public int peek() {
    if(output.isEmpty()) {
        while(!input.isEmpty()) {
            output.push(input.pop());
        }
    }
    return output.peek();
  }

  /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
  public boolean empty() {
    return input.isEmpty() && output.isEmpty();
  }
}