考虑一个包含名称的数据库表,其中有三行:

Peter
Paul
Mary

有没有一种简单的方法可以把它变成彼得、保罗、玛丽的一串?


当前回答

一个现成的解决方案,没有额外的逗号:

select substring(
        (select ', '+Name AS 'data()' from Names for xml path(''))
       ,3, 255) as "MyList"

空列表将导致NULL值。通常,您会将列表插入到表列或程序变量中:根据需要调整最大长度255。

(迪瓦卡尔和延斯·弗兰森提供了很好的答案,但需要改进。)

其他回答

我们可以使用RECUSRSIVITY、WITH CTE、union ALL,如下所示

declare @mytable as table(id int identity(1,1), str nvarchar(100))
insert into @mytable values('Peter'),('Paul'),('Mary')

declare @myresult as table(id int,str nvarchar(max),ind int, R# int)

;with cte as(select id,cast(str as nvarchar(100)) as str, cast(0 as int) ind from @mytable
union all
select t2.id,cast(t1.str+',' +t2.str as nvarchar(100)) ,t1.ind+1 from cte t1 inner join @mytable t2 on t2.id=t1.id+1)
insert into @myresult select *,row_number() over(order by ind) R# from cte

select top 1 str from @myresult order by R# desc

我并没有做过任何关于性能的分析,因为我的列表中只有不到10项,但在查看了30多个答案后,我感到很惊讶,我仍然对已经给出的类似答案进行了修改,类似于对单个组列表使用COALESCE,甚至不必设置我的变量(无论如何默认为NULL),并且它假设我的源数据表中的所有条目都是非空的:

DECLARE @MyList VARCHAR(1000), @Delimiter CHAR(2) = ', '
SELECT @MyList = CASE WHEN @MyList > '' THEN @MyList + @Delimiter ELSE '' END + FieldToConcatenate FROM MyData

我确信COALENCE内部使用了相同的想法。让我们希望微软不会在我身上改变这一点。

我在家里无法访问SQL Server,所以我猜测这里的语法,但大致上是这样的:

DECLARE @names VARCHAR(500)

SELECT @names = @names + ' ' + Name
FROM Names

在MySQL中,有一个函数GROUP_CONCATT(),它允许您连接多行的值。例子:

SELECT 1 AS a, GROUP_CONCAT(name ORDER BY name ASC SEPARATOR ', ') AS people 
FROM users 
WHERE id IN (1,2,3) 
GROUP BY a

SQL Server 2005或更高版本

CREATE TABLE dbo.Students
(
    StudentId INT
    , Name VARCHAR(50)
    , CONSTRAINT PK_Students PRIMARY KEY (StudentId)
);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Subjects
(
    SubjectId INT
    , Name VARCHAR(50)
    , CONSTRAINT PK_Subjects PRIMARY KEY (SubjectId)
);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Schedules
(
    StudentId INT
    , SubjectId INT
    , CONSTRAINT PK__Schedule PRIMARY KEY (StudentId, SubjectId)
    , CONSTRAINT FK_Schedule_Students FOREIGN KEY (StudentId) REFERENCES dbo.Students (StudentId)
    , CONSTRAINT FK_Schedule_Subjects FOREIGN KEY (SubjectId) REFERENCES dbo.Subjects (SubjectId)
);

INSERT dbo.Students (StudentId, Name) VALUES
    (1, 'Mary')
    , (2, 'John')
    , (3, 'Sam')
    , (4, 'Alaina')
    , (5, 'Edward')
;

INSERT dbo.Subjects (SubjectId, Name) VALUES
    (1, 'Physics')
    , (2, 'Geography')
    , (3, 'French')
    , (4, 'Gymnastics')
;

INSERT dbo.Schedules (StudentId, SubjectId) VALUES
    (1, 1)        --Mary, Physics
    , (2, 1)    --John, Physics
    , (3, 1)    --Sam, Physics
    , (4, 2)    --Alaina, Geography
    , (5, 2)    --Edward, Geography
;

SELECT
    sub.SubjectId
    , sub.Name AS [SubjectName]
    , ISNULL( x.Students, '') AS Students
FROM
    dbo.Subjects sub
    OUTER APPLY
    (
        SELECT
            CASE ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY stu.Name) WHEN 1 THEN '' ELSE ', ' END
            + stu.Name
        FROM
            dbo.Students stu
            INNER JOIN dbo.Schedules sch
                ON stu.StudentId = sch.StudentId
        WHERE
            sch.SubjectId = sub.SubjectId
        ORDER BY
            stu.Name
        FOR XML PATH('')
    ) x (Students)
;