当代码流是这样的:
if(check())
{
...
...
if(check())
{
...
...
if(check())
{
...
...
}
}
}
我通常看到这种方法可以避免上述混乱的代码流:
do {
if(!check()) break;
...
...
if(!check()) break;
...
...
if(!check()) break;
...
...
} while(0);
有什么更好的方法可以避免这种工作/黑客，从而使其成为更高级别(行业级别)的代码?
任何跳出盒子的建议都是欢迎的!
当前回答
使用异常。您的代码将看起来更加清晰(并且创建异常正是为了处理程序执行流中的错误)。有关清理资源(文件描述符，数据库连接等)，请阅读文章“为什么c++不提供一个“finally”结构?”
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept> // For exception, runtime_error, out_of_range
int main () {
try {
if (!condition)
throw std::runtime_error("nope.");
...
if (!other condition)
throw std::runtime_error("nope again.");
...
if (!another condition)
throw std::runtime_error("told you.");
...
if (!yet another condition)
throw std::runtime_error("OK, just forget it...");
}
catch (std::runtime_error &e) {
std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
}
catch (...) {
std::cout << "Caught an unknown exception\n";
}
return 0;
}
其他回答
类似于dasblinkenlight的答案，但避免了if语句中的赋值，这可能会被代码评审员“修复”:
bool goOn = check0();
if (goOn) {
...
goOn = check1();
}
if (goOn) {
...
goOn = check2();
}
if (goOn) {
...
}
...
当一个步骤的结果需要在下一步之前检查时，我使用这种模式，这与所有检查都可以在前面用一个大if(check1() && check2()…类型的模式。
typedef bool (*Checker)();
Checker * checkers[]={
&checker0,&checker1,.....，&checkerN,NULL
};
bool checker1(){
if(condition){
.....
.....
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool checker2(){
if(condition){
.....
.....
return true;
}
return false;
}
......
void doCheck(){
Checker ** checker = checkers;
while( *checker && (*checker)())
checker++;
}
怎么样?
对我来说，当(0)是好的时候做{…}。如果您不想看到do{…}while(0)，您可以为它们定义替代关键字。
例子:
SomeUtilities.hpp:
#define BEGIN_TEST do{
#define END_TEST }while(0);
SomeSourceFile.cpp:
BEGIN_TEST
if(!condition1) break;
if(!condition2) break;
if(!condition3) break;
if(!condition4) break;
if(!condition5) break;
//processing code here
END_TEST
我认为编译器将在二进制版本的do{…}while(0)中删除不必要的while(0)条件，并将断点转换为无条件跳转。您可以检查它的汇编语言版本来确定。
使用goto还可以生成更简洁的代码，并且使用条件-然后跳转的逻辑非常简单。您可以执行以下操作:
{
if(!condition1) goto end_blahblah;
if(!condition2) goto end_blahblah;
if(!condition3) goto end_blahblah;
if(!condition4) goto end_blahblah;
if(!condition5) goto end_blahblah;
//processing code here
}end_blah_blah:; //use appropriate label here to describe...
// ...the whole code inside the block.
注意标签放在结束}之后。这是避免一个可能的问题，在goto中，不小心将代码放在中间，因为你没有看到标签。现在就像do{…}while(0)没有条件代码。
为了让代码更清晰，更容易理解，你可以这样做:
SomeUtilities.hpp:
#define BEGIN_TEST {
#define END_TEST(_test_label_) }_test_label_:;
#define FAILED(_test_label_) goto _test_label_
SomeSourceFile.cpp:
BEGIN_TEST
if(!condition1) FAILED(NormalizeData);
if(!condition2) FAILED(NormalizeData);
if(!condition3) FAILED(NormalizeData);
if(!condition4) FAILED(NormalizeData);
if(!condition5) FAILED(NormalizeData);
END_TEST(NormalizeData)
有了这个，你可以做嵌套块，并指定你想要退出/跳出的位置。
BEGIN_TEST
if(!condition1) FAILED(NormalizeData);
if(!condition2) FAILED(NormalizeData);
BEGIN_TEST
if(!conditionAA) FAILED(DecryptBlah);
if(!conditionBB) FAILED(NormalizeData); //Jump out to the outmost block
if(!conditionCC) FAILED(DecryptBlah);
// --We can now decrypt and do other stuffs.
END_TEST(DecryptBlah)
if(!condition3) FAILED(NormalizeData);
if(!condition4) FAILED(NormalizeData);
// --other code here
BEGIN_TEST
if(!conditionA) FAILED(TrimSpaces);
if(!conditionB) FAILED(TrimSpaces);
if(!conditionC) FAILED(NormalizeData); //Jump out to the outmost block
if(!conditionD) FAILED(TrimSpaces);
// --We can now trim completely or do other stuffs.
END_TEST(TrimSpaces)
// --Other code here...
if(!condition5) FAILED(NormalizeData);
//Ok, we got here. We can now process what we need to process.
END_TEST(NormalizeData)
杂乱的代码不是goto的错，而是程序员的错。不使用goto仍然可以生成意大利面条代码。
在函数中隔离这些决策并使用返回而不是中断被认为是可以接受的实践。虽然所有这些检查都对应于与函数相同的抽象级别，但这是一种非常符合逻辑的方法。
例如:
void foo(...)
{
if (!condition)
{
return;
}
...
if (!other condition)
{
return;
}
...
if (!another condition)
{
return;
}
...
if (!yet another condition)
{
return;
}
...
// Some unconditional stuff
}
Try to extract the code into a separate function (or perhaps more than one). Then return from the function if the check fails. If it's too tightly coupled with the surrounding code to do that, and you can't find a way to reduce the coupling, look at the code after this block. Presumably, it cleans up some resources used by the function. Try to manage these resources using an RAII object; then replace each dodgy break with return (or throw, if that's more appropriate) and let the object's destructor clean up for you. If the program flow is (necessarily) so squiggly that you really need a goto, then use that rather than giving it a weird disguise. If you have coding rules that blindly forbid goto, and you really can't simplify the program flow, then you'll probably have to disguise it with your do hack.
