当代码流是这样的:
if(check())
{
...
...
if(check())
{
...
...
if(check())
{
...
...
}
}
}
我通常看到这种方法可以避免上述混乱的代码流:
do {
if(!check()) break;
...
...
if(!check()) break;
...
...
if(!check()) break;
...
...
} while(0);
有什么更好的方法可以避免这种工作/黑客，从而使其成为更高级别(行业级别)的代码?
任何跳出盒子的建议都是欢迎的!
当前回答
I'm adding an answer for the sake of completeness. A number of other answers pointed out that the large condition block could be split out into a separate function. But as was also pointed out a number of times is that this approach separates the conditional code from the original context. This is one reason that lambdas were added to the language in C++11. Using lambdas was suggested by others but no explicit sample was provided. I've put one in this answer. What strikes me is that it feels very similar to the do { } while(0) approach in many ways - and maybe that means it's still a goto in disguise....
earlier operations
...
[&]()->void {
if (!check()) return;
...
...
if (!check()) return;
...
...
if (!check()) return;
...
...
}();
later operations
其他回答
如果根据故障发生的位置需要不同的清理步骤，另一个模式很有用:
private ResultCode DoEverything()
{
ResultCode processResult = ResultCode.FAILURE;
if (DoStep1() != ResultCode.SUCCESSFUL)
{
Step1FailureCleanup();
}
else if (DoStep2() != ResultCode.SUCCESSFUL)
{
Step2FailureCleanup();
processResult = ResultCode.SPECIFIC_FAILURE;
}
else if (DoStep3() != ResultCode.SUCCESSFUL)
{
Step3FailureCleanup();
}
...
else
{
processResult = ResultCode.SUCCESSFUL;
}
return processResult;
}
你可以使用一个简单的bool变量的延续模式:
bool goOn;
if ((goOn = check0())) {
...
}
if (goOn && (goOn = check1())) {
...
}
if (goOn && (goOn = check2())) {
...
}
if (goOn && (goOn = check3())) {
...
}
这个执行链将在checkN返回false时停止。由于&&操作符短路，将不再执行进一步的检查…()调用。此外，优化编译器足够聪明，可以识别将goOn设置为false是单行道，并为您插入缺少的goto结尾。因此，上面代码的性能将与do/while(0)相同，只是对其可读性没有严重的影响。
代码流本身已经是一个代码气味，在函数中发生了太多的事情。如果没有直接的解决方案(函数是一个通用的检查函数)，那么使用RAII，这样您就可以返回，而不是跳转到函数的结束部分，可能会更好。
使用异常。您的代码将看起来更加清晰(并且创建异常正是为了处理程序执行流中的错误)。有关清理资源(文件描述符，数据库连接等)，请阅读文章“为什么c++不提供一个“finally”结构?”
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept> // For exception, runtime_error, out_of_range
int main () {
try {
if (!condition)
throw std::runtime_error("nope.");
...
if (!other condition)
throw std::runtime_error("nope again.");
...
if (!another condition)
throw std::runtime_error("told you.");
...
if (!yet another condition)
throw std::runtime_error("OK, just forget it...");
}
catch (std::runtime_error &e) {
std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
}
catch (...) {
std::cout << "Caught an unknown exception\n";
}
return 0;
}
如何移动if语句到一个额外的函数，产生一个数值或enum结果?
int ConditionCode (void) {
if (condition1)
return 1;
if (condition2)
return 2;
...
return 0;
}
void MyFunc (void) {
switch (ConditionCode ()) {
case 1:
...
break;
case 2:
...
break;
...
default:
...
break;
}
}
