我如何在c#中生成一个随机的8个字符的字母数字字符串?
当前回答
不是100%确定,因为我没有测试这里的每个选项,但在我测试的选项中,这个是最快的。用秒表计时,它显示9-10滴答,所以如果速度比安全更重要,试试这个:
private static Random random = new Random();
public static string Random(int length)
{
var stringChars = new char[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
stringChars[i] = (char)random.Next(0x30, 0x7a);
return new string(stringChars);
}
}
其他回答
这里有一个机制来生成一个随机的字母-数字字符串(我用它来生成密码和测试数据),而不定义字母和数字,
CleanupBase64将删除字符串中必要的部分,并继续递归地添加随机的字母-数字字母。
public static string GenerateRandomString(int length)
{
var numArray = new byte[length];
new RNGCryptoServiceProvider().GetBytes(numArray);
return CleanUpBase64String(Convert.ToBase64String(numArray), length);
}
private static string CleanUpBase64String(string input, int maxLength)
{
input = input.Replace("-", "");
input = input.Replace("=", "");
input = input.Replace("/", "");
input = input.Replace("+", "");
input = input.Replace(" ", "");
while (input.Length < maxLength)
input = input + GenerateRandomString(maxLength);
return input.Length <= maxLength ?
input.ToUpper() : //In my case I want capital letters
input.ToUpper().Substring(0, maxLength);
}
最简单的:
public static string GetRandomAlphaNumeric()
{
return Path.GetRandomFileName().Replace(".", "").Substring(0, 8);
}
如果硬编码char数组并依赖于System,则可以获得更好的性能。随机:
public static string GetRandomAlphaNumeric()
{
var chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
return new string(chars.Select(c => chars[random.Next(chars.Length)]).Take(8).ToArray());
}
如果你担心英文字母可能会改变,你可能会失去业务,那么你可以避免硬编码,但应该表现得稍差(与Path相比)。GetRandomFileName方法)
public static string GetRandomAlphaNumeric()
{
var chars = 'a'.To('z').Concat('0'.To('9')).ToList();
return new string(chars.Select(c => chars[random.Next(chars.Length)]).Take(8).ToArray());
}
public static IEnumerable<char> To(this char start, char end)
{
if (end < start)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("the end char should not be less than start char", innerException: null);
return Enumerable.Range(start, end - start + 1).Select(i => (char)i);
}
如果您可以将后两种方法作为System上的扩展方法,那么它们看起来会更好。随机的实例。
很可怕,我知道,但我就是忍不住:
namespace ConsoleApplication2
{
using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Random adomRng = new Random();
string rndString = string.Empty;
char c;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
while (!Regex.IsMatch((c=Convert.ToChar(adomRng.Next(48,128))).ToString(), "[A-Za-z0-9]"));
rndString += c;
}
Console.WriteLine(rndString + Environment.NewLine);
}
}
}
在查看了其他答案并考虑了CodeInChaos的评论,以及CodeInChaos仍然有偏见(尽管较少)的答案之后,我认为需要一个最终的终极剪切和粘贴解决方案。所以在更新我的答案时,我决定全力以赴。
For an up to date version of this code, please visit the new Hg repository on Bitbucket: https://bitbucket.org/merarischroeder/secureswiftrandom. I recommend you copy and paste the code from: https://bitbucket.org/merarischroeder/secureswiftrandom/src/6c14b874f34a3f6576b0213379ecdf0ffc7496ea/Code/Alivate.SolidSwiftRandom/SolidSwiftRandom.cs?at=default&fileviewer=file-view-default (make sure you click the Raw button to make it easier to copy and make sure you have the latest version, I think this link goes to a specific version of the code, not the latest).
更新说明:
Relating to some other answers - If you know the length of the output, you don't need a StringBuilder, and when using ToCharArray, this creates and fills the array (you don't need to create an empty array first) Relating to some other answers - You should use NextBytes, rather than getting one at a time for performance Technically you could pin the byte array for faster access.. it's usually worth it when your iterating more than 6-8 times over a byte array. (Not done here) Use of RNGCryptoServiceProvider for best randomness Use of caching of a 1MB buffer of random data - benchmarking shows cached single bytes access speed is ~1000x faster - taking 9ms over 1MB vs 989ms for uncached. Optimised rejection of bias zone within my new class.
问题的最终解决方案:
static char[] charSet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".ToCharArray();
static int byteSize = 256; //Labelling convenience
static int biasZone = byteSize - (byteSize % charSet.Length);
public string GenerateRandomString(int Length) //Configurable output string length
{
byte[] rBytes = new byte[Length]; //Do as much before and after lock as possible
char[] rName = new char[Length];
SecureFastRandom.GetNextBytesMax(rBytes, biasZone);
for (var i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
rName[i] = charSet[rBytes[i] % charSet.Length];
}
return new string(rName);
}
但是你需要我的新(未经测试的)类:
/// <summary>
/// My benchmarking showed that for RNGCryptoServiceProvider:
/// 1. There is negligable benefit of sharing RNGCryptoServiceProvider object reference
/// 2. Initial GetBytes takes 2ms, and an initial read of 1MB takes 3ms (starting to rise, but still negligable)
/// 2. Cached is ~1000x faster for single byte at a time - taking 9ms over 1MB vs 989ms for uncached
/// </summary>
class SecureFastRandom
{
static byte[] byteCache = new byte[1000000]; //My benchmark showed that an initial read takes 2ms, and an initial read of this size takes 3ms (starting to raise)
static int lastPosition = 0;
static int remaining = 0;
/// <summary>
/// Static direct uncached access to the RNGCryptoServiceProvider GetBytes function
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer"></param>
public static void DirectGetBytes(byte[] buffer)
{
using (var r = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
{
r.GetBytes(buffer);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Main expected method to be called by user. Underlying random data is cached from RNGCryptoServiceProvider for best performance
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer"></param>
public static void GetBytes(byte[] buffer)
{
if (buffer.Length > byteCache.Length)
{
DirectGetBytes(buffer);
return;
}
lock (byteCache)
{
if (buffer.Length > remaining)
{
DirectGetBytes(byteCache);
lastPosition = 0;
remaining = byteCache.Length;
}
Buffer.BlockCopy(byteCache, lastPosition, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
lastPosition += buffer.Length;
remaining -= buffer.Length;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Return a single byte from the cache of random data.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte GetByte()
{
lock (byteCache)
{
return UnsafeGetByte();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Shared with public GetByte and GetBytesWithMax, and not locked to reduce lock/unlocking in loops. Must be called within lock of byteCache.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
static byte UnsafeGetByte()
{
if (1 > remaining)
{
DirectGetBytes(byteCache);
lastPosition = 0;
remaining = byteCache.Length;
}
lastPosition++;
remaining--;
return byteCache[lastPosition - 1];
}
/// <summary>
/// Rejects bytes which are equal to or greater than max. This is useful for ensuring there is no bias when you are modulating with a non power of 2 number.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer"></param>
/// <param name="max"></param>
public static void GetBytesWithMax(byte[] buffer, byte max)
{
if (buffer.Length > byteCache.Length / 2) //No point caching for larger sizes
{
DirectGetBytes(buffer);
lock (byteCache)
{
UnsafeCheckBytesMax(buffer, max);
}
}
else
{
lock (byteCache)
{
if (buffer.Length > remaining) //Recache if not enough remaining, discarding remaining - too much work to join two blocks
DirectGetBytes(byteCache);
Buffer.BlockCopy(byteCache, lastPosition, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
lastPosition += buffer.Length;
remaining -= buffer.Length;
UnsafeCheckBytesMax(buffer, max);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Checks buffer for bytes equal and above max. Must be called within lock of byteCache.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer"></param>
/// <param name="max"></param>
static void UnsafeCheckBytesMax(byte[] buffer, byte max)
{
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; i++)
{
while (buffer[i] >= max)
buffer[i] = UnsafeGetByte(); //Replace all bytes which are equal or above max
}
}
}
对于历史-我对这个答案的旧解决方案,使用随机对象:
private static char[] charSet =
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".ToCharArray();
static rGen = new Random(); //Must share, because the clock seed only has Ticks (~10ms) resolution, yet lock has only 20-50ns delay.
static int byteSize = 256; //Labelling convenience
static int biasZone = byteSize - (byteSize % charSet.Length);
static bool SlightlyMoreSecurityNeeded = true; //Configuration - needs to be true, if more security is desired and if charSet.Length is not divisible by 2^X.
public string GenerateRandomString(int Length) //Configurable output string length
{
byte[] rBytes = new byte[Length]; //Do as much before and after lock as possible
char[] rName = new char[Length];
lock (rGen) //~20-50ns
{
rGen.NextBytes(rBytes);
for (int i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
while (SlightlyMoreSecurityNeeded && rBytes[i] >= biasZone) //Secure against 1/5 increased bias of index[0-7] values against others. Note: Must exclude where it == biasZone (that is >=), otherwise there's still a bias on index 0.
rBytes[i] = rGen.NextByte();
rName[i] = charSet[rBytes[i] % charSet.Length];
}
}
return new string(rName);
}
性能:
securefastrrandom -第一次运行= ~9-33ms。听不清。持续:5毫秒(有时高达13毫秒)超过10,000次迭代,单次平均迭代= 1.5微秒。注意:通常需要2个缓存刷新,但偶尔需要8个缓存刷新——这取决于有多少单个字节超出了偏置区域 随机-第一次运行= ~0-1ms。听不清。正在进行:5毫秒超过10,000次迭代。单次平均迭代= 0.5微秒。速度差不多。
还可以看看:
https://bitbucket.org/merarischroeder/number-range-with-no-bias/src https://stackoverflow.com/a/45118325/887092
这些联系是另一种方法。缓冲可以添加到这个新的代码库中,但最重要的是探索不同的方法来消除偏差,并对速度和利弊进行基准测试。
我知道这不是最好的办法。但是你可以试试这个。
string str = Path.GetRandomFileName(); //This method returns a random file name of 11 characters
str = str.Replace(".","");
Console.WriteLine("Random string: " + str);
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