方法获得数字在一个int?

有没有比这个方法更简洁的方法来获取整数的位数?

int numDigits = String.valueOf(1000).length();

当前回答

最快的方法:分而治之。

Assuming your range is 0 to MAX_INT, then you have 1 to 10 digits. You can approach this interval using divide and conquer, with up to 4 comparisons per each input. First, you divide [1..10] into [1..5] and [6..10] with one comparison, and then each length 5 interval you divide using one comparison into one length 3 and one length 2 interval. The length 2 interval requires one more comparison (total 3 comparisons), the length 3 interval can be divided into length 1 interval (solution) and a length 2 interval. So, you need 3 or 4 comparisons.

没有除法，没有浮点运算，没有昂贵的对数，只有整数比较。

代码(长但快):

if (n < 100000) {
    // 5 or less
    if (n < 100){
        // 1 or 2
        if (n < 10)
            return 1;
        else
            return 2;
    } else {
        // 3 or 4 or 5
        if (n < 1000)
            return 3;
        else {
            // 4 or 5
            if (n < 10000)
                return 4;
            else
                return 5;
        }
    }
} else {
    // 6 or more
    if (n < 10000000) {
        // 6 or 7
        if (n < 1000000)
            return 6;
        else
            return 7;
    } else {
        // 8 to 10
        if (n < 100000000)
            return 8;
        else {
            // 9 or 10
            if (n < 1000000000)
                return 9;
            else
                return 10;
        }
    }
}

基准测试(在JVM预热之后)——查看下面的代码以了解基准测试是如何运行的:

基线方法(使用String.length): 2145毫秒 Log10方法:711ms = 3.02次和基线一样快重复除:2797ms = 0.77次和基线一样快分治:74ms = 28.99 时间和基线一样快

完整的代码:

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
    // validate methods:
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
        if (method1(i) != method2(i))
            System.out.println(i);
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
        if (method1(i) != method3(i))
            System.out.println(i + " " + method1(i) + " " + method3(i));
    for (int i = 333; i < 2000000000; i += 1000)
        if (method1(i) != method3(i))
            System.out.println(i + " " + method1(i) + " " + method3(i));
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
        if (method1(i) != method4(i))
            System.out.println(i + " " + method1(i) + " " + method4(i));
    for (int i = 333; i < 2000000000; i += 1000)
        if (method1(i) != method4(i))
            System.out.println(i + " " + method1(i) + " " + method4(i));
    
    // work-up the JVM - make sure everything will be run in hot-spot mode
    allMethod1();
    allMethod2();
    allMethod3();
    allMethod4();
    
    // run benchmark
    Chronometer c;
    
    c = new Chronometer(true);
    allMethod1();
    c.stop();
    long baseline = c.getValue();
    System.out.println(c);
    
    c = new Chronometer(true);
    allMethod2();
    c.stop();
    System.out.println(c + " = " + StringTools.formatDouble((double)baseline / c.getValue() , "0.00") + " times as fast as baseline");
    
    c = new Chronometer(true);
    allMethod3();
    c.stop();
    System.out.println(c + " = " + StringTools.formatDouble((double)baseline / c.getValue() , "0.00") + " times as fast as baseline");
    
    c = new Chronometer(true);
    allMethod4();
    c.stop();
    System.out.println(c + " = " + StringTools.formatDouble((double)baseline / c.getValue() , "0.00") + " times as fast as baseline");
}


private static int method1(int n) {
    return Integer.toString(n).length();
}

private static int method2(int n) {
    if (n == 0)
        return 1;
    return (int)(Math.log10(n) + 1);
}

private static int method3(int n) {
    if (n == 0)
        return 1;
    int l;
    for (l = 0 ; n > 0 ;++l)
        n /= 10;
    return l;
}

private static int method4(int n) {
    if (n < 100000) {
        // 5 or less
        if (n < 100) {
            // 1 or 2
            if (n < 10)
                return 1;
            else
                return 2;
        } else {
            // 3 or 4 or 5
            if (n < 1000)
                return 3;
            else {
                // 4 or 5
                if (n < 10000)
                    return 4;
                else
                    return 5;
            }
        }
    } else {
        // 6 or more
        if (n < 10000000) {
            // 6 or 7
            if (n < 1000000)
                return 6;
            else
                return 7;
        } else {
            // 8 to 10
            if (n < 100000000)
                return 8;
            else {
                // 9 or 10
                if (n < 1000000000)
                    return 9;
                else
                    return 10;
            }
        }
    }
}


private static int allMethod1() {
    int x = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
        x = method1(i);
    for (int i = 1000; i < 100000; i += 10)
        x = method1(i);
    for (int i = 100000; i < 1000000; i += 100)
        x = method1(i);
    for (int i = 1000000; i < 2000000000; i += 200)
        x = method1(i);
    
    return x;
}

private static int allMethod2() {
    int x = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
        x = method2(i);
    for (int i = 1000; i < 100000; i += 10)
        x = method2(i);
    for (int i = 100000; i < 1000000; i += 100)
        x = method2(i);
    for (int i = 1000000; i < 2000000000; i += 200)
        x = method2(i);
    
    return x;
}

private static int allMethod3() {
    int x = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
        x = method3(i);
    for (int i = 1000; i < 100000; i += 10)
        x = method3(i);
    for (int i = 100000; i < 1000000; i += 100)
        x = method3(i);
    for (int i = 1000000; i < 2000000000; i += 200)
        x = method3(i);
    
    return x;
}

private static int allMethod4() {
    int x = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
        x = method4(i);
    for (int i = 1000; i < 100000; i += 10)
        x = method4(i);
    for (int i = 100000; i < 1000000; i += 100)
        x = method4(i);
    for (int i = 1000000; i < 2000000000; i += 200)
        x = method4(i);
    
    return x;
}

基准:

基线方法(String.length): 2145ms Log10方法:711ms =基线速度的3.02倍重复除:2797ms =基线速度的0.77倍分治:74毫秒= 28.99倍的基线速度

Edit

在我写完基准测试之后，我偷偷地看了一下Integer。toString来自Java 6，我发现它使用:

final static int [] sizeTable = { 9, 99, 999, 9999, 99999, 999999, 9999999,
                                  99999999, 999999999, Integer.MAX_VALUE };

// Requires positive x
static int stringSize(int x) {
    for (int i=0; ; i++)
        if (x <= sizeTable[i])
            return i+1;
}

我以我的分治方案为基准:

分治法:104毫秒 Java 6解决方案-迭代和比较:406ms

我的速度大约是Java 6解决方案的4倍。

2009-08-20 19:45:44

其他回答

一个非常简单的解决方案:

public int numLength(int n) {
  for (int length = 1; n % Math.pow(10, length) != n; length++) {}
  return length;
}

2014-08-23 22:43:08

出于好奇，我试着对其进行基准测试……

import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;


public class TestStack1306727 {

    @Test
    public void bench(){
        int number=1000;
        int a= String.valueOf(number).length();
        int b= 1 + (int)Math.floor(Math.log10(number));

        assertEquals(a,b);
        int i=0;
        int s=0;
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(i=0, s=0; i< 100000000; i++){
            a= String.valueOf(number).length();
            s+=a;
        }
        long stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long runTime = stopTime - startTime;
        System.out.println("Run time 1: " + runTime);
        System.out.println("s: "+s);
        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(i=0,s=0; i< 100000000; i++){
            b= number==0?1:(1 + (int)Math.floor(Math.log10(Math.abs(number))));
            s+=b;
        }
        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        runTime = stopTime - startTime;
        System.out.println("Run time 2: " + runTime);
        System.out.println("s: "+s);
        assertEquals(a,b);


    }
}

结果如下:

Run time 1: 6765
s: 400000000
Run time 2: 6000
s: 400000000

现在我想知道我的基准测试是否真的意味着什么，但我确实在基准测试本身的多次运行中得到了一致的结果(一毫秒内的变化)……:)看起来这是无用的尝试和优化…

编辑:根据ptomli的注释，我在上面的代码中用' I '替换'number'，并在5次运行的bench中得到以下结果:

Run time 1: 11500
s: 788888890
Run time 2: 8547
s: 788888890

Run time 1: 11485
s: 788888890
Run time 2: 8547
s: 788888890

Run time 1: 11469
s: 788888890
Run time 2: 8547
s: 788888890

Run time 1: 11500
s: 788888890
Run time 2: 8547
s: 788888890

Run time 1: 11484
s: 788888890
Run time 2: 8547
s: 788888890

2009-08-20 15:18:15

计算int变量中数字数的有效方法之一是定义一个方法digitsCounter，其中包含所需数量的条件语句。方法很简单，我们将检查n位数字所在的每个范围: 0: 9为个位数 10:99是两位数 100: 999是三位数等等……

    static int digitsCounter(int N)
    {   // N = Math.abs(N); // if `N` is -ve
        if (0 <= N && N <= 9) return 1;
        if (10 <= N && N <= 99) return 2;
        if (100 <= N && N <= 999) return 3;
        if (1000 <= N && N <= 9999) return 4;
        if (10000 <= N && N <= 99999) return 5;
        if (100000 <= N && N <= 999999) return 6;
        if (1000000 <= N && N <= 9999999) return 7;
        if (10000000 <= N && N <= 99999999) return 8;
        if (100000000 <= N && N <= 999999999) return 9;
        return 10;
    }

一种更干净的方法是取消下限检查，因为如果我们按顺序进行，就不需要下限检查了。

    static int digitsCounter(int N)
    {
        N = N < 0 ? -N : N;
        if (N <= 9) return 1;
        if (N <= 99) return 2;
        if (N <= 999) return 3;
        if (N <= 9999) return 4;
        if (N <= 99999) return 5;
        if (N <= 999999) return 6;
        if (N <= 9999999) return 7;
        if (N <= 99999999) return 8;
        if (N <= 999999999) return 9;
        return 10; // Max possible digits in an 'int'
    }

2021-06-25 05:31:55

Two comments on your benchmark: Java is a complex environment, what with just-in-time compiling and garbage collection and so forth, so to get a fair comparison, whenever I run a benchmark, I always: (a) enclose the two tests in a loop that runs them in sequence 5 or 10 times. Quite often the runtime on the second pass through the loop is quite different from the first. And (b) After each "approach", I do a System.gc() to try to trigger a garbage collection. Otherwise, the first approach might generate a bunch of objects, but not quite enough to force a garbage collection, then the second approach creates a few objects, the heap is exhausted, and garbage collection runs. Then the second approach is "charged" for picking up the garbage left by the first approach. Very unfair!

也就是说，上述两种方法在本例中都没有产生显著差异。

不管有没有这些修改，我得到的结果和你完全不同。当我运行这个时，是的，toString方法给出的运行时间为6400到6600 millis，而log方法给出的运行时间为20,000到20,400 millis。对数方法对我来说不是稍微快一点，而是慢了3倍。

请注意，这两种方法涉及非常不同的代价，所以这并不完全令人震惊:toString方法将创建许多必须清理的临时对象，而log方法需要更密集的计算。因此，可能区别在于，在内存较少的机器上，toString需要更多的垃圾收集回合，而在处理器较慢的机器上，额外的log计算将更加痛苦。

我还尝试了第三种方法。我写了这个小函数:

static int numlength(int n)
{
    if (n == 0) return 1;
    int l;
    n=Math.abs(n);
    for (l=0;n>0;++l)
        n/=10;
    return l;           
}

在我的机器上，它运行在1600到1900毫厘之间——不到toString方法的1/3,log方法的1/10。

如果您的数字范围很广，您可以通过开始除以1000或1,000,000来进一步加快速度，以减少循环的次数。我还没玩过。

2009-08-20 17:17:14