受Raymond Chen帖子的启发，假设你有一个4x4二维数组，写一个函数使它旋转90度。Raymond链接到伪代码中的解决方案，但我想看到一些真实的东西。
[1][2][3][4]
[5][6][7][8]
[9][0][1][2]
[3][4][5][6]
就变成:
[3][9][5][1]
[4][0][6][2]
[5][1][7][3]
[6][2][8][4]
更新:Nick的答案是最直接的，但是有没有比n²更好的方法呢?如果矩阵是10000x10000呢?
当前回答
这是我的实现，在C, O(1)内存复杂度，原地旋转，顺时针90度:
#include <stdio.h>
#define M_SIZE 5
static void initMatrix();
static void printMatrix();
static void rotateMatrix();
static int m[M_SIZE][M_SIZE];
int main(void){
initMatrix();
printMatrix();
rotateMatrix();
printMatrix();
return 0;
}
static void initMatrix(){
int i, j;
for(i = 0; i < M_SIZE; i++){
for(j = 0; j < M_SIZE; j++){
m[i][j] = M_SIZE*i + j + 1;
}
}
}
static void printMatrix(){
int i, j;
printf("Matrix\n");
for(i = 0; i < M_SIZE; i++){
for(j = 0; j < M_SIZE; j++){
printf("%02d ", m[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
static void rotateMatrix(){
int r, c;
for(r = 0; r < M_SIZE/2; r++){
for(c = r; c < M_SIZE - r - 1; c++){
int tmp = m[r][c];
m[r][c] = m[M_SIZE - c - 1][r];
m[M_SIZE - c - 1][r] = m[M_SIZE - r - 1][M_SIZE - c - 1];
m[M_SIZE - r - 1][M_SIZE - c - 1] = m[c][M_SIZE - r - 1];
m[c][M_SIZE - r - 1] = tmp;
}
}
}
其他回答
这是Java中的一个更好的版本:我已经为一个具有不同宽度和高度的矩阵制作了它
H是旋转后矩阵的高度 W是旋转后矩阵的宽度
public int[][] rotateMatrixRight(int[][] matrix)
{
/* W and H are already swapped */
int w = matrix.length;
int h = matrix[0].length;
int[][] ret = new int[h][w];
for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
ret[i][j] = matrix[w - j - 1][i];
}
}
return ret;
}
public int[][] rotateMatrixLeft(int[][] matrix)
{
/* W and H are already swapped */
int w = matrix.length;
int h = matrix[0].length;
int[][] ret = new int[h][w];
for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
ret[i][j] = matrix[j][h - i - 1];
}
}
return ret;
}
此代码基于Nick Berardi的帖子。
下面是PHP的递归方法:
$m = array();
$m[0] = array('a', 'b', 'c');
$m[1] = array('d', 'e', 'f');
$m[2] = array('g', 'h', 'i');
$newMatrix = array();
function rotateMatrix($m, $i = 0, &$newMatrix)
{
foreach ($m as $chunk) {
$newChunk[] = $chunk[$i];
}
$newMatrix[] = array_reverse($newChunk);
$i++;
if ($i < count($m)) {
rotateMatrix($m, $i, $newMatrix);
}
}
rotateMatrix($m, 0, $newMatrix);
echo '<pre>';
var_dump($newMatrix);
echo '<pre>';
下面是Java版本:
public static void rightRotate(int[][] matrix, int n) {
for (int layer = 0; layer < n / 2; layer++) {
int first = layer;
int last = n - 1 - first;
for (int i = first; i < last; i++) {
int offset = i - first;
int temp = matrix[first][i];
matrix[first][i] = matrix[last-offset][first];
matrix[last-offset][first] = matrix[last][last-offset];
matrix[last][last-offset] = matrix[i][last];
matrix[i][last] = temp;
}
}
}
该方法首先旋转最外层，然后按顺序移动到内层。
你可以通过3个简单步骤做到这一点:
1)假设我们有一个矩阵
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
2)求矩阵的转置
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
3)交换行得到旋转矩阵
3 6 9
2 5 8
1 4 7
Java源代码:
public class MyClass {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Demo obj = new Demo();
/*initial matrix to rotate*/
int[][] matrix = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 }, { 7, 8, 9 } };
int[][] transpose = new int[3][3]; // matrix to store transpose
obj.display(matrix); // initial matrix
obj.rotate(matrix, transpose); // call rotate method
System.out.println();
obj.display(transpose); // display the rotated matix
}
}
class Demo {
public void rotate(int[][] mat, int[][] tran) {
/* First take the transpose of the matrix */
for (int i = 0; i < mat.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < mat.length; j++) {
tran[i][j] = mat[j][i];
}
}
/*
* Interchange the rows of the transpose matrix to get rotated
* matrix
*/
for (int i = 0, j = tran.length - 1; i != j; i++, j--) {
for (int k = 0; k < tran.length; k++) {
swap(i, k, j, k, tran);
}
}
}
public void swap(int a, int b, int c, int d, int[][] arr) {
int temp = arr[a][b];
arr[a][b] = arr[c][d];
arr[c][d] = temp;
}
/* Method to display the matrix */
public void display(int[][] arr) {
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {
System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
输出:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
3 6 9
2 5 8
1 4 7
正如我在上一篇文章中所说的，这里有一些c#代码，可以为任何大小的矩阵实现O(1)矩阵旋转。为了简洁性和可读性，没有错误检查或范围检查。代码:
static void Main (string [] args)
{
int [,]
// create an arbitrary matrix
m = {{0, 1}, {2, 3}, {4, 5}};
Matrix
// create wrappers for the data
m1 = new Matrix (m),
m2 = new Matrix (m),
m3 = new Matrix (m);
// rotate the matricies in various ways - all are O(1)
m1.RotateClockwise90 ();
m2.Rotate180 ();
m3.RotateAnitclockwise90 ();
// output the result of transforms
System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine (m1.ToString ());
System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine (m2.ToString ());
System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine (m3.ToString ());
}
class Matrix
{
enum Rotation
{
None,
Clockwise90,
Clockwise180,
Clockwise270
}
public Matrix (int [,] matrix)
{
m_matrix = matrix;
m_rotation = Rotation.None;
}
// the transformation routines
public void RotateClockwise90 ()
{
m_rotation = (Rotation) (((int) m_rotation + 1) & 3);
}
public void Rotate180 ()
{
m_rotation = (Rotation) (((int) m_rotation + 2) & 3);
}
public void RotateAnitclockwise90 ()
{
m_rotation = (Rotation) (((int) m_rotation + 3) & 3);
}
// accessor property to make class look like a two dimensional array
public int this [int row, int column]
{
get
{
int
value = 0;
switch (m_rotation)
{
case Rotation.None:
value = m_matrix [row, column];
break;
case Rotation.Clockwise90:
value = m_matrix [m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0) - column, row];
break;
case Rotation.Clockwise180:
value = m_matrix [m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0) - row, m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1) - column];
break;
case Rotation.Clockwise270:
value = m_matrix [column, m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1) - row];
break;
}
return value;
}
set
{
switch (m_rotation)
{
case Rotation.None:
m_matrix [row, column] = value;
break;
case Rotation.Clockwise90:
m_matrix [m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0) - column, row] = value;
break;
case Rotation.Clockwise180:
m_matrix [m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0) - row, m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1) - column] = value;
break;
case Rotation.Clockwise270:
m_matrix [column, m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1) - row] = value;
break;
}
}
}
// creates a string with the matrix values
public override string ToString ()
{
int
num_rows = 0,
num_columns = 0;
switch (m_rotation)
{
case Rotation.None:
case Rotation.Clockwise180:
num_rows = m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0);
num_columns = m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1);
break;
case Rotation.Clockwise90:
case Rotation.Clockwise270:
num_rows = m_matrix.GetUpperBound (1);
num_columns = m_matrix.GetUpperBound (0);
break;
}
StringBuilder
output = new StringBuilder ();
output.Append ("{");
for (int row = 0 ; row <= num_rows ; ++row)
{
if (row != 0)
{
output.Append (", ");
}
output.Append ("{");
for (int column = 0 ; column <= num_columns ; ++column)
{
if (column != 0)
{
output.Append (", ");
}
output.Append (this [row, column].ToString ());
}
output.Append ("}");
}
output.Append ("}");
return output.ToString ();
}
int [,]
// the original matrix
m_matrix;
Rotation
// the current view of the matrix
m_rotation;
}
好的，我把手举起来，当旋转时，它实际上不会对原始数组做任何修改。但是，在面向对象系统中，只要对象看起来像是被旋转到类的客户端，这就无关紧要了。目前，Matrix类使用对原始数组数据的引用，因此改变m1的任何值也将改变m2和m3。对构造函数稍加更改，创建一个新数组并将值复制到该数组中，就可以将其整理出来。
