我在一次工作面试中被问到这个问题，我想知道其他人是如何解决这个问题的。我最擅长使用Java，但也欢迎使用其他语言的解决方案。
给定一个数字数组nums，返回一个数字数组products，其中products[i]是所有nums[j]的乘积，j != i。 输入:[1,2,3,4,5] 输出:[(2 * 3 * 4 * 5),(1 * 3 * 4 * 5),(1 * 2 * 4 * 5),(1 * 2 * 3 * 5),(1 * 2 * 3 * 4)] = [120, 60, 40, 30, 24] 你必须在O(N)中不使用除法来做这个。
当前回答
鬼鬼祟祟地绕过“不划分”规则:
sum = 0.0
for i in range(a):
sum += log(a[i])
for i in range(a):
output[i] = exp(sum - log(a[i]))
其他回答
以下是线性O(n)时间内的简单Scala版本:
def getProductEff(in:Seq[Int]):Seq[Int] = {
//create a list which has product of every element to the left of this element
val fromLeft = in.foldLeft((1, Seq.empty[Int]))((ac, i) => (i * ac._1, ac._2 :+ ac._1))._2
//create a list which has product of every element to the right of this element, which is the same as the previous step but in reverse
val fromRight = in.reverse.foldLeft((1,Seq.empty[Int]))((ac,i) => (i * ac._1,ac._2 :+ ac._1))._2.reverse
//merge the two list by product at index
in.indices.map(i => fromLeft(i) * fromRight(i))
}
这是可行的，因为本质上答案是一个数组，它是左右所有元素的乘积。
预先计算每个元素左右两边数字的乘积。 对于每个元素，期望值都是它相邻元素乘积的乘积。
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned array[5] = { 1,2,3,4,5};
int main(void)
{
unsigned idx;
unsigned left[5]
, right[5];
left[0] = 1;
right[4] = 1;
/* calculate products of numbers to the left of [idx] */
for (idx=1; idx < 5; idx++) {
left[idx] = left[idx-1] * array[idx-1];
}
/* calculate products of numbers to the right of [idx] */
for (idx=4; idx-- > 0; ) {
right[idx] = right[idx+1] * array[idx+1];
}
for (idx=0; idx <5 ; idx++) {
printf("[%u] Product(%u*%u) = %u\n"
, idx, left[idx] , right[idx] , left[idx] * right[idx] );
}
return 0;
}
结果:
$ ./a.out
[0] Product(1*120) = 120
[1] Product(1*60) = 60
[2] Product(2*20) = 40
[3] Product(6*5) = 30
[4] Product(24*1) = 24
(更新:现在我仔细看，这使用与Michael Anderson, Daniel Migowski和上面的聚基因润滑剂相同的方法)
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Pratik
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] array = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; // OUTPUT: 360 240 180 144 120
int[] products = new int[array.length];
arrayProduct(array, products);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(products));
}
public static void arrayProduct(int array[], int products[])
{
double sum = 0, EPSILON = 1e-9;
for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
sum += Math.log(array[i]);
for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
products[i] = (int) (EPSILON + Math.exp(sum - Math.log(array[i])));
}
}
输出:
[360, 240, 180, 144, 120]
时间复杂度:O(n) 空间复杂度:O(1)
我们可以先从列表中排除nums[j](其中j != i)，然后得到其余部分的乘积;下面是python解决这个难题的方法:
from functools import reduce
def products(nums):
return [ reduce(lambda x,y: x * y, nums[:i] + nums[i+1:]) for i in range(len(nums)) ]
print(products([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
[out]
[120, 60, 40, 30, 24]
int[] b = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int j;
for(int i=0;i<b.Length;i++)
{
int prod = 1;
int s = b[i];
for(j=i;j<b.Length-1;j++)
{
prod = prod * b[j + 1];
}
int pos = i;
while(pos!=-1)
{
pos--;
if(pos!=-1)
prod = prod * b[pos];
}
Console.WriteLine("\n Output is {0}",prod);
}
