我在一次工作面试中被问到这个问题，我想知道其他人是如何解决这个问题的。我最擅长使用Java，但也欢迎使用其他语言的解决方案。
给定一个数字数组nums，返回一个数字数组products，其中products[i]是所有nums[j]的乘积，j != i。 输入:[1,2,3,4,5] 输出:[(2 * 3 * 4 * 5),(1 * 3 * 4 * 5),(1 * 2 * 4 * 5),(1 * 2 * 3 * 5),(1 * 2 * 3 * 4)] = [120, 60, 40, 30, 24] 你必须在O(N)中不使用除法来做这个。
当前回答
下面是我使用python的简洁解决方案。
from functools import reduce
def excludeProductList(nums_):
after = [reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, nums_[i:]) for i in range(1, len(nums_))] + [1]
before = [1] + [reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, nums_[:i]) for i in range(1, len(nums_))]
zippedList = list(zip(before, after))
finalList = list(map(lambda x: x[0]*x[1], zippedList))
return finalList
其他回答
def products(nums):
prefix_products = []
for num in nums:
if prefix_products:
prefix_products.append(prefix_products[-1] * num)
else:
prefix_products.append(num)
suffix_products = []
for num in reversed(nums):
if suffix_products:
suffix_products.append(suffix_products[-1] * num)
else:
suffix_products.append(num)
suffix_products = list(reversed(suffix_products))
result = []
for i in range(len(nums)):
if i == 0:
result.append(suffix_products[i + 1])
elif i == len(nums) - 1:
result.append(prefix_products[i-1])
else:
result.append(
prefix_products[i-1] * suffix_products[i+1]
)
return result
预先计算每个元素左右两边数字的乘积。 对于每个元素，期望值都是它相邻元素乘积的乘积。
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned array[5] = { 1,2,3,4,5};
int main(void)
{
unsigned idx;
unsigned left[5]
, right[5];
left[0] = 1;
right[4] = 1;
/* calculate products of numbers to the left of [idx] */
for (idx=1; idx < 5; idx++) {
left[idx] = left[idx-1] * array[idx-1];
}
/* calculate products of numbers to the right of [idx] */
for (idx=4; idx-- > 0; ) {
right[idx] = right[idx+1] * array[idx+1];
}
for (idx=0; idx <5 ; idx++) {
printf("[%u] Product(%u*%u) = %u\n"
, idx, left[idx] , right[idx] , left[idx] * right[idx] );
}
return 0;
}
结果:
$ ./a.out
[0] Product(1*120) = 120
[1] Product(1*60) = 60
[2] Product(2*20) = 40
[3] Product(6*5) = 30
[4] Product(24*1) = 24
(更新:现在我仔细看，这使用与Michael Anderson, Daniel Migowski和上面的聚基因润滑剂相同的方法)
ruby的解决方案
a = [1,2,3,4]
result = []
a.each {|x| result.push( (a-[x]).reject(&:zero?).reduce(:*)) }
puts result
多基因润滑剂方法的一个解释是:
诀窍是构造数组(在4个元素的情况下):
{ 1, a[0], a[0]*a[1], a[0]*a[1]*a[2], }
{ a[1]*a[2]*a[3], a[2]*a[3], a[3], 1, }
这两种方法都可以在O(n)中分别从左右边开始。
然后，将两个数组逐个元素相乘，得到所需的结果。
我的代码看起来是这样的:
int a[N] // This is the input
int products_below[N];
int p = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
products_below[i] = p;
p *= a[i];
}
int products_above[N];
p = 1;
for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
products_above[i] = p;
p *= a[i];
}
int products[N]; // This is the result
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
products[i] = products_below[i] * products_above[i];
}
如果你也需要空间中的解是O(1)，你可以这样做(在我看来不太清楚):
int a[N] // This is the input
int products[N];
// Get the products below the current index
int p = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
products[i] = p;
p *= a[i];
}
// Get the products above the current index
p = 1;
for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
products[i] *= p;
p *= a[i];
}
下面是我使用python的简洁解决方案。
from functools import reduce
def excludeProductList(nums_):
after = [reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, nums_[i:]) for i in range(1, len(nums_))] + [1]
before = [1] + [reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, nums_[:i]) for i in range(1, len(nums_))]
zippedList = list(zip(before, after))
finalList = list(map(lambda x: x[0]*x[1], zippedList))
return finalList
