是的，这是我迟来的回答，但我认为这可能有助于理解在底层发生的事情，以防有人想要编写一些其他的收集器逻辑。

我试图通过编写一种更自然、更直接的方法来解决这个问题。我认为这是最直接的:

public class LambdaUtilities {

  /**
   * In contrast to {@link Collectors#toMap(Function, Function)} the result map
   * may have null values.
   */
  public static <T, K, U, M extends Map<K, U>> Collector<T, M, M> toMapWithNullValues(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
    return toMapWithNullValues(keyMapper, valueMapper, HashMap::new);
  }

  /**
   * In contrast to {@link Collectors#toMap(Function, Function, BinaryOperator, Supplier)}
   * the result map may have null values.
   */
  public static <T, K, U, M extends Map<K, U>> Collector<T, M, M> toMapWithNullValues(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper, Supplier<Map<K, U>> supplier) {
    return new Collector<T, M, M>() {

      @Override
      public Supplier<M> supplier() {
        return () -> {
          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
          M map = (M) supplier.get();
          return map;
        };
      }

      @Override
      public BiConsumer<M, T> accumulator() {
        return (map, element) -> {
          K key = keyMapper.apply(element);
          if (map.containsKey(key)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key " + key);
          }
          map.put(key, valueMapper.apply(element));
        };
      }

      @Override
      public BinaryOperator<M> combiner() {
        return (left, right) -> {
          int total = left.size() + right.size();
          left.putAll(right);
          if (left.size() < total) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key(s)");
          }
          return left;
        };
      }

      @Override
      public Function<M, M> finisher() {
        return Function.identity();
      }

      @Override
      public Set<Collector.Characteristics> characteristics() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(EnumSet.of(Collector.Characteristics.IDENTITY_FINISH));
      }

    };
  }

}

使用JUnit和assertj的测试:

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValues() throws Exception {
    Map<Integer, Integer> result = Stream.of(1, 2, 3)
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null));

    assertThat(result)
        .isExactlyInstanceOf(HashMap.class)
        .hasSize(3)
        .containsEntry(1, 1)
        .containsEntry(2, null)
        .containsEntry(3, 3);
  }

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValuesWithSupplier() throws Exception {
    Map<Integer, Integer> result = Stream.of(1, 2, 3)
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null, LinkedHashMap::new));

    assertThat(result)
        .isExactlyInstanceOf(LinkedHashMap.class)
        .hasSize(3)
        .containsEntry(1, 1)
        .containsEntry(2, null)
        .containsEntry(3, 3);
  }

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValuesDuplicate() throws Exception {
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 1)
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null)))
            .isExactlyInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
            .hasMessage("Duplicate key 1");
  }

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValuesParallel() throws Exception {
    Map<Integer, Integer> result = Stream.of(1, 2, 3)
        .parallel() // this causes .combiner() to be called
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null));

    assertThat(result)
        .isExactlyInstanceOf(HashMap.class)
        .hasSize(3)
        .containsEntry(1, 1)
        .containsEntry(2, null)
        .containsEntry(3, 3);
  }

  @Test
  public void testToMapWithNullValuesParallelWithDuplicates() throws Exception {
    assertThatThrownBy(() -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
        .parallel() // this causes .combiner() to be called
        .collect(LambdaUtilities.toMapWithNullValues(Function.identity(), x -> x % 2 == 1 ? x : null)))
            .isExactlyInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
            .hasCauseExactlyInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
            .hasStackTraceContaining("Duplicate key");
  }

你如何使用它?好吧，就像测试显示的那样，使用它而不是toMap()。这使得调用代码看起来尽可能干净。

编辑: 下面实现了Holger的想法，增加了一种测试方法

对于收集器的静态方法，这是不可能的。toMap的javadoc解释了toMap是基于Map.merge的:

@param mergeFunction一个合并函数，用于解决与相同键相关联的值之间的冲突，提供给map# merge(Object, Object, bifuncfunction)}

和Map的javadoc。合并表示:

如果指定的键为空，则@抛出NullPointerException 不支持空键或值或remappingFunction是 零

您可以通过使用列表的forEach方法来避免for循环。

Map<Integer,  Boolean> answerMap = new HashMap<>();
answerList.forEach((answer) -> answerMap.put(answer.getId(), answer.getAnswer()));

但它并不比旧方法简单:

Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap = new HashMap<>();
for (Answer answer : answerList) {
    answerMap.put(answer.getId(), answer.getAnswer());
}

保留所有问题id与小调整

Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap = 
  answerList.stream()
            .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, a -> 
                       Boolean.TRUE.equals(a.getAnswer())));

我写了一个Collector，不像默认的java，当你有空值时不会崩溃:

public static <T, K, U>
        Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
            Collectors.toList(),
            list -> {
                Map<K, U> result = new HashMap<>();
                for (T item : list) {
                    K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
                    if (result.putIfAbsent(key, valueMapper.apply(item)) != null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Duplicate key %s", key));
                    }
                }
                return result;
            });
}

只需将collections . tomap()调用替换为对该函数的调用，它就会解决这个问题。

如果值是一个字符串，那么这可能会起作用: .stream map.entrySet () () .collect(收藏者。toMap(e -> e.getKey()， e -> Optional.ofNullable(e.getValue()).orElse(""))))

根据Stacktrace

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1216)
at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$148(Collectors.java:1320)
at java.util.stream.Collectors$$Lambda$5/391359742.accept(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1359)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:512)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:502)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
at com.guice.Main.main(Main.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)

什么时候叫做map。merge

        BiConsumer<M, T> accumulator
            = (map, element) -> map.merge(keyMapper.apply(element),
                                          valueMapper.apply(element), mergeFunction);

它首先会做一个空检查

if (value == null)
    throw new NullPointerException();

我不经常使用Java 8，所以我不知道是否有更好的方法来修复它，但修复它有点困难。

你可以这样做:

使用过滤器过滤所有的NULL值，并在Javascript代码中检查服务器是否没有为这个id发送任何答案，这意味着他没有回复它。

就像这样:

Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap =
        answerList
                .stream()
                .filter((a) -> a.getAnswer() != null)
                .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));

或者使用peek，它用来改变流元素的元素。使用peek你可以将答案更改为更适合map的东西，但这意味着编辑你的逻辑。

听起来，如果你想保持当前的设计，你应该避免使用collections . tomap