收藏家。如果其中一个值为空,toMap将抛出NullPointerException异常。我不理解这种行为,映射可以包含空指针作为值而没有任何问题。是否有很好的理由说明collections . tomap的值不能为空?
此外,是否有一个很好的Java 8的方法来解决这个问题,或者我应该恢复到普通的老循环?
举个例子:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
class Answer {
private int id;
private Boolean answer;
Answer() {
}
Answer(int id, Boolean answer) {
this.id = id;
this.answer = answer;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Boolean getAnswer() {
return answer;
}
public void setAnswer(Boolean answer) {
this.answer = answer;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Answer> answerList = new ArrayList<>();
answerList.add(new Answer(1, true));
answerList.add(new Answer(2, true));
answerList.add(new Answer(3, null));
Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap =
answerList
.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));
}
}
堆栈跟踪:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1216)
at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$168(Collectors.java:1320)
at java.util.stream.Collectors$$Lambda$5/1528902577.accept(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1359)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:512)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:502)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
at Main.main(Main.java:48)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)
这个问题在Java 11中仍然存在。
这里有一个比@EmmanuelTouzery建议的更简单的收集器。如果你喜欢使用它:
public static <T, K, U> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMapNullFriendly(
Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
U none = (U) new Object();
return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
Collectors.<T, K, U> toMap(keyMapper,
valueMapper.andThen(v -> v == null ? none : v)), map -> {
map.replaceAll((k, v) -> v == none ? null : v);
return map;
});
}
我们只是将null替换为某个自定义对象none,并在结束器中执行相反的操作。
对于收集器的静态方法,这是不可能的。toMap的javadoc解释了toMap是基于Map.merge的:
@param mergeFunction一个合并函数,用于解决与相同键相关联的值之间的冲突,提供给map# merge(Object, Object, bifuncfunction)}
和Map的javadoc。合并表示:
如果指定的键为空,则@抛出NullPointerException
不支持空键或值或remappingFunction是
零
您可以通过使用列表的forEach方法来避免for循环。
Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap = new HashMap<>();
answerList.forEach((answer) -> answerMap.put(answer.getId(), answer.getAnswer()));
但它并不比旧方法简单:
Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap = new HashMap<>();
for (Answer answer : answerList) {
answerMap.put(answer.getId(), answer.getAnswer());
}
根据Stacktrace
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1216)
at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$148(Collectors.java:1320)
at java.util.stream.Collectors$$Lambda$5/391359742.accept(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1359)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:512)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:502)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
at com.guice.Main.main(Main.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)
什么时候叫做map。merge
BiConsumer<M, T> accumulator
= (map, element) -> map.merge(keyMapper.apply(element),
valueMapper.apply(element), mergeFunction);
它首先会做一个空检查
if (value == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
我不经常使用Java 8,所以我不知道是否有更好的方法来修复它,但修复它有点困难。
你可以这样做:
使用过滤器过滤所有的NULL值,并在Javascript代码中检查服务器是否没有为这个id发送任何答案,这意味着他没有回复它。
就像这样:
Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap =
answerList
.stream()
.filter((a) -> a.getAnswer() != null)
.collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));
或者使用peek,它用来改变流元素的元素。使用peek你可以将答案更改为更适合map的东西,但这意味着编辑你的逻辑。
听起来,如果你想保持当前的设计,你应该避免使用collections . tomap
你可以在OpenJDK中使用以下方法来解决这个已知的错误:
Map<Integer, Boolean> collect = list.stream()
.collect(HashMap::new, (m,v)->m.put(v.getId(), v.getAnswer()), HashMap::putAll);
虽然不是很漂亮,但很好用。结果:
1: true
2: true
3: null
(这篇教程对我帮助最大。)
编辑:
不像收藏家。toMap,如果你有相同的键多次,它会默默地替换值,就像@mmdemirbas在评论中指出的那样。如果你不想要这个,看看评论中的链接。
为了完整起见,我发布了一个带有mergeFunction参数的toMapOfNullables版本:
public static <T, K, U> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMapOfNullables(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper, BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction) {
return Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), list -> {
Map<K, U> result = new HashMap<>();
for(T item : list) {
K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
U newValue = valueMapper.apply(item);
U value = result.containsKey(key) ? mergeFunction.apply(result.get(key), newValue) : newValue;
result.put(key, value);
}
return result;
});
}