收藏家。如果其中一个值为空,toMap将抛出NullPointerException异常。我不理解这种行为,映射可以包含空指针作为值而没有任何问题。是否有很好的理由说明collections . tomap的值不能为空?

此外,是否有一个很好的Java 8的方法来解决这个问题,或者我应该恢复到普通的老循环?

举个例子:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;


class Answer {
    private int id;

    private Boolean answer;

    Answer() {
    }

    Answer(int id, Boolean answer) {
        this.id = id;
        this.answer = answer;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Boolean getAnswer() {
        return answer;
    }

    public void setAnswer(Boolean answer) {
        this.answer = answer;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Answer> answerList = new ArrayList<>();

        answerList.add(new Answer(1, true));
        answerList.add(new Answer(2, true));
        answerList.add(new Answer(3, null));

        Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap =
        answerList
                .stream()
                .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));
    }
}

堆栈跟踪:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
    at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1216)
    at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$168(Collectors.java:1320)
    at java.util.stream.Collectors$$Lambda$5/1528902577.accept(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
    at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1359)
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:512)
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:502)
    at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
    at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
    at Main.main(Main.java:48)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)

这个问题在Java 11中仍然存在。


当前回答

为了完整起见,我发布了一个带有mergeFunction参数的toMapOfNullables版本:

public static <T, K, U> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMapOfNullables(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper, BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction) {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), list -> {
        Map<K, U> result = new HashMap<>();
        for(T item : list) {
            K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
            U newValue = valueMapper.apply(item);
            U value = result.containsKey(key) ? mergeFunction.apply(result.get(key), newValue) : newValue;
            result.put(key, value);
        }
        return result;
    });
}

其他回答

如果值是一个字符串,那么这可能会起作用: .stream map.entrySet () () .collect(收藏者。toMap(e -> e.getKey(), e -> Optional.ofNullable(e.getValue()).orElse(""))))

public static <T, K, V> Collector<T, HashMap<K, V>, HashMap<K, V>> toHashMap(
        Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
        Function<? super T, ? extends V> valueMapper
)
{
    return Collector.of(
            HashMap::new,
            (map, t) -> map.put(keyMapper.apply(t), valueMapper.apply(t)),
            (map1, map2) -> {
                map1.putAll(map2);
                return map1;
            }
    );
}

public static <T, K> Collector<T, HashMap<K, T>, HashMap<K, T>> toHashMap(
        Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper
)
{
    return toHashMap(keyMapper, Function.identity());
}

我稍微修改了Emmanuel Touzery的空安全映射收集器实现。

这个版本:

允许空键 允许空值 检测重复的键(即使它们为空)并像原始JDK实现一样抛出IllegalStateException 当键已经映射到空值时,也会检测重复的键。换句话说,将具有空值的映射与无映射分开

public static <T, K, U> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMapOfNullables(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
        Collectors.toList(),
        list -> {
            Map<K, U> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
            list.forEach(item -> {
                K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
                U value = valueMapper.apply(item);
                if (map.containsKey(key)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(String.format(
                            "Duplicate key %s (attempted merging values %s and %s)",
                            key, map.get(key), value));
                }
                map.put(key, value);
            });
            return map;
        }
    );
}

单元测试:

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasNullKey() {
    assertEquals(singletonMap(null, "value"),
        Stream.of("ignored").collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> null, i -> "value"))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasNullValue() {
    assertEquals(singletonMap("key", null),
        Stream.of("ignored").collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "key", i -> null))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateNullKeys() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key null"),
        () -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> null, i -> i))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateKeys_NoneHasNullValue() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key duplicated-key"),
        () -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "duplicated-key", i -> i))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateKeys_OneHasNullValue() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key duplicated-key"),
        () -> Stream.of(1, null, 3).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "duplicated-key", i -> i))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateKeys_AllHasNullValue() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key duplicated-key"),
        () -> Stream.of(null, null, null).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "duplicated-key", i -> i))
    );
}

对于收集器的静态方法,这是不可能的。toMap的javadoc解释了toMap是基于Map.merge的:

@param mergeFunction一个合并函数,用于解决与相同键相关联的值之间的冲突,提供给map# merge(Object, Object, bifuncfunction)}

和Map的javadoc。合并表示:

如果指定的键为空,则@抛出NullPointerException 不支持空键或值或remappingFunction是 零

您可以通过使用列表的forEach方法来避免for循环。

Map<Integer,  Boolean> answerMap = new HashMap<>();
answerList.forEach((answer) -> answerMap.put(answer.getId(), answer.getAnswer()));

但它并不比旧方法简单:

Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap = new HashMap<>();
for (Answer answer : answerList) {
    answerMap.put(answer.getId(), answer.getAnswer());
}

很抱歉重新打开一个老问题,但由于最近编辑说“问题”仍然存在于Java 11中,我觉得我想指出这一点:

answerList
        .stream()
        .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));

为您提供空指针异常,因为映射不允许将空值作为值。 这是有意义的,因为如果在映射中查找键k而它不存在,则返回值已经为null(参见javadoc)。如果你能把k的值设为null,这个映射看起来就会很奇怪。

就像有人在评论中说的,使用过滤很容易解决这个问题:

answerList
        .stream()
        .filter(a -> a.getAnswer() != null)
        .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));

通过这种方式,映射中不会插入空值,当在映射中寻找没有答案的id时,仍然会得到null作为“值”。

我希望这对每个人都有意义。