收藏家。如果其中一个值为空,toMap将抛出NullPointerException异常。我不理解这种行为,映射可以包含空指针作为值而没有任何问题。是否有很好的理由说明collections . tomap的值不能为空?

此外,是否有一个很好的Java 8的方法来解决这个问题,或者我应该恢复到普通的老循环?

举个例子:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;


class Answer {
    private int id;

    private Boolean answer;

    Answer() {
    }

    Answer(int id, Boolean answer) {
        this.id = id;
        this.answer = answer;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Boolean getAnswer() {
        return answer;
    }

    public void setAnswer(Boolean answer) {
        this.answer = answer;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Answer> answerList = new ArrayList<>();

        answerList.add(new Answer(1, true));
        answerList.add(new Answer(2, true));
        answerList.add(new Answer(3, null));

        Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap =
        answerList
                .stream()
                .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));
    }
}

堆栈跟踪:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
    at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1216)
    at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$168(Collectors.java:1320)
    at java.util.stream.Collectors$$Lambda$5/1528902577.accept(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
    at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1359)
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:512)
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:502)
    at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
    at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
    at Main.main(Main.java:48)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)

这个问题在Java 11中仍然存在。


当前回答

如果值是一个字符串,那么这可能会起作用: .stream map.entrySet () () .collect(收藏者。toMap(e -> e.getKey(), e -> Optional.ofNullable(e.getValue()).orElse(""))))

其他回答

根据Stacktrace

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1216)
at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$148(Collectors.java:1320)
at java.util.stream.Collectors$$Lambda$5/391359742.accept(Unknown Source)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1359)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:512)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:502)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
at com.guice.Main.main(Main.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)

什么时候叫做map。merge

        BiConsumer<M, T> accumulator
            = (map, element) -> map.merge(keyMapper.apply(element),
                                          valueMapper.apply(element), mergeFunction);

它首先会做一个空检查

if (value == null)
    throw new NullPointerException();

我不经常使用Java 8,所以我不知道是否有更好的方法来修复它,但修复它有点困难。

你可以这样做:

使用过滤器过滤所有的NULL值,并在Javascript代码中检查服务器是否没有为这个id发送任何答案,这意味着他没有回复它。

就像这样:

Map<Integer, Boolean> answerMap =
        answerList
                .stream()
                .filter((a) -> a.getAnswer() != null)
                .collect(Collectors.toMap(Answer::getId, Answer::getAnswer));

或者使用peek,它用来改变流元素的元素。使用peek你可以将答案更改为更适合map的东西,但这意味着编辑你的逻辑。

听起来,如果你想保持当前的设计,你应该避免使用collections . tomap

我写了一个Collector,不像默认的java,当你有空值时不会崩溃:

public static <T, K, U>
        Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
            Collectors.toList(),
            list -> {
                Map<K, U> result = new HashMap<>();
                for (T item : list) {
                    K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
                    if (result.putIfAbsent(key, valueMapper.apply(item)) != null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("Duplicate key %s", key));
                    }
                }
                return result;
            });
}

只需将collections . tomap()调用替换为对该函数的调用,它就会解决这个问题。

为了完整起见,我发布了一个带有mergeFunction参数的toMapOfNullables版本:

public static <T, K, U> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMapOfNullables(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper, BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction) {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), list -> {
        Map<K, U> result = new HashMap<>();
        for(T item : list) {
            K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
            U newValue = valueMapper.apply(item);
            U value = result.containsKey(key) ? mergeFunction.apply(result.get(key), newValue) : newValue;
            result.put(key, value);
        }
        return result;
    });
}

你可以在OpenJDK中使用以下方法来解决这个已知的错误:

Map<Integer, Boolean> collect = list.stream()
        .collect(HashMap::new, (m,v)->m.put(v.getId(), v.getAnswer()), HashMap::putAll);

虽然不是很漂亮,但很好用。结果:

1: true
2: true
3: null

(这篇教程对我帮助最大。)

编辑:

不像收藏家。toMap,如果你有相同的键多次,它会默默地替换值,就像@mmdemirbas在评论中指出的那样。如果你不想要这个,看看评论中的链接。

我稍微修改了Emmanuel Touzery的空安全映射收集器实现。

这个版本:

允许空键 允许空值 检测重复的键(即使它们为空)并像原始JDK实现一样抛出IllegalStateException 当键已经映射到空值时,也会检测重复的键。换句话说,将具有空值的映射与无映射分开

public static <T, K, U> Collector<T, ?, Map<K, U>> toMapOfNullables(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper, Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper) {
    return Collectors.collectingAndThen(
        Collectors.toList(),
        list -> {
            Map<K, U> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
            list.forEach(item -> {
                K key = keyMapper.apply(item);
                U value = valueMapper.apply(item);
                if (map.containsKey(key)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException(String.format(
                            "Duplicate key %s (attempted merging values %s and %s)",
                            key, map.get(key), value));
                }
                map.put(key, value);
            });
            return map;
        }
    );
}

单元测试:

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasNullKey() {
    assertEquals(singletonMap(null, "value"),
        Stream.of("ignored").collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> null, i -> "value"))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasNullValue() {
    assertEquals(singletonMap("key", null),
        Stream.of("ignored").collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "key", i -> null))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateNullKeys() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key null"),
        () -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> null, i -> i))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateKeys_NoneHasNullValue() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key duplicated-key"),
        () -> Stream.of(1, 2, 3).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "duplicated-key", i -> i))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateKeys_OneHasNullValue() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key duplicated-key"),
        () -> Stream.of(1, null, 3).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "duplicated-key", i -> i))
    );
}

@Test
public void toMapOfNullables_WhenHasDuplicateKeys_AllHasNullValue() {
    assertThrows(new IllegalStateException("Duplicate key duplicated-key"),
        () -> Stream.of(null, null, null).collect(Utils.toMapOfNullables(i -> "duplicated-key", i -> i))
    );
}