我根据这个线程的输入创建了这个。我需要使用odect，所以我必须覆盖get和设置attr。我认为这应该适用于大多数特殊用途。

用法如下:

# Create an ordered dict normally...
>>> od = OrderedAttrDict()
>>> od["a"] = 1
>>> od["b"] = 2
>>> od
OrderedAttrDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])

# Get and set data using attribute access...
>>> od.a
1
>>> od.b = 20
>>> od
OrderedAttrDict([('a', 1), ('b', 20)])

# Setting a NEW attribute only creates it on the instance, not the dict...
>>> od.c = 8
>>> od
OrderedAttrDict([('a', 1), ('b', 20)])
>>> od.c
8

类:

class OrderedAttrDict(odict.OrderedDict):
    """
    Constructs an odict.OrderedDict with attribute access to data.

    Setting a NEW attribute only creates it on the instance, not the dict.
    Setting an attribute that is a key in the data will set the dict data but 
    will not create a new instance attribute
    """
    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        """
        Try to get the data. If attr is not a key, fall-back and get the attr
        """
        if self.has_key(attr):
            return super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__getitem__(attr)
        else:
            return super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__getattr__(attr)


    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
        """
        Try to set the data. If attr is not a key, fall-back and set the attr
        """
        if self.has_key(attr):
            super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__setitem__(attr, value)
        else:
            super(OrderedAttrDict, self).__setattr__(attr, value)

这是一个非常酷的模式，已经在线程中提到了，但如果你只是想把字典转换成一个在IDE中使用自动完成的对象，等等:

class ObjectFromDict(object):
    def __init__(self, d):
        self.__dict__ = d

使用SimpleNamespace:

from types import SimpleNamespace

obj = SimpleNamespace(color="blue", year=2050)

print(obj.color) #> "blue"
print(obj.year) #> 2050

编辑/更新:对OP的问题的更近的答案，从字典开始:

from types import SimpleNamespace

params = {"color":"blue", "year":2020}

obj = SimpleNamespace(**params)

print(obj.color) #> "blue"
print(obj.year) #> 2050

这就是我用的

args = {
        'batch_size': 32,
        'workers': 4,
        'train_dir': 'train',
        'val_dir': 'val',
        'lr': 1e-3,
        'momentum': 0.9,
        'weight_decay': 1e-4
    }
args = namedtuple('Args', ' '.join(list(args.keys())))(**args)

print (args.lr)

以这种方式访问字典键的注意事项和缺陷是什么?

正如@Henry所指出的，在dict中不能使用点访问的一个原因是，它将dict键名限制为python有效变量，从而限制了所有可能的名称。

下面是一些例子，说明为什么在给定字典d的情况下，点点访问通常没有帮助:

有效性

以下属性在Python中是无效的:

d.1_foo                           # enumerated names
d./bar                            # path names
d.21.7, d.12:30                   # decimals, time
d.""                              # empty strings
d.john doe, d.denny's             # spaces, misc punctuation 
d.3 * x                           # expressions  

风格

PEP8约定将对属性命名施加软约束:

A.保留关键字(或内置函数)名称:

d.in
d.False, d.True
d.max, d.min
d.sum
d.id

如果函数参数的名称与保留关键字冲突，通常最好在后面添加一个下划线…

B.方法和变量名的大小写规则:

变量名遵循与函数名相同的约定。

d.Firstname
d.Country

使用函数命名规则:小写字母，单词之间用下划线分隔，以提高可读性。

有时，在pandas这样的库中会出现这些问题，这些库允许按名称点访问DataFrame列。解决命名限制的默认机制也是数组表示法——括号中的字符串。

如果这些约束不适用于您的用例，那么在点访问数据结构上有几个选项。

这个答案摘自Luciano Ramalho的《流利的Python》一书。这要归功于那个家伙。

class AttrDict:
    """A read-only façade for navigating a JSON-like object
    using attribute notation
    """

    def __init__(self, mapping):
        self._data = dict(mapping)

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if hasattr(self._data, name):
            return getattr(self._data, name)
        else:
            return AttrDict.build(self._data[name])

    @classmethod
    def build(cls, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, Mapping):
            return cls(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj, MutableSequence):
            return [cls.build(item) for item in obj]
        else:
            return obj

in the init we are taking the dict and making it a dictionary. when getattr is used we try to get the attribute from the dict if the dict already has that attribute. or else we are passing the argument to a class method called build. now build does the intresting thing. if the object is dict or a mapping like that, the that object is made an attr dict itself. if it's a sequence like list, it's passed to the build function we r on right now. if it's anythin else, like str or int. return the object itself.

显然，现在有一个库- https://pypi.python.org/pypi/attrdict -实现了这个确切的功能，加上递归合并和json加载。也许值得一看。