我比较了以下三个选项的表现:

    import random, datetime

myDict = {}
for i in range( 10000000 ):
    myDict[ i ] = random.randint( 0, 10000000 )



# OPTION 1

start = datetime.datetime.now()

sorted = []
for i in myDict:
    sorted.append( ( i, myDict[ i ] ) )
sorted.sort( key = lambda x: x[1] )
print( sorted[0][0] )

end = datetime.datetime.now()
print( end - start )



# OPTION 2

start = datetime.datetime.now()

myDict_values = list( myDict.values() )
myDict_keys = list( myDict.keys() )
min_value = min( myDict_values )
print( myDict_keys[ myDict_values.index( min_value ) ] )

end = datetime.datetime.now()
print( end - start )



# OPTION 3

start = datetime.datetime.now()

print( min( myDict, key=myDict.get ) )

end = datetime.datetime.now()
print( end - start )

样例输出:

#option 1
236230
0:00:14.136808

#option 2
236230
0:00:00.458026

#option 3
236230
0:00:00.824048

最佳:min(d，键=d.get)—没有理由插入一个无用的lambda间接层或提取项目或键!

>>> d = {320: 1, 321: 0, 322: 3}
>>> min(d, key=d.get)
321

我比较了以下三个选项的表现:

    import random, datetime

myDict = {}
for i in range( 10000000 ):
    myDict[ i ] = random.randint( 0, 10000000 )



# OPTION 1

start = datetime.datetime.now()

sorted = []
for i in myDict:
    sorted.append( ( i, myDict[ i ] ) )
sorted.sort( key = lambda x: x[1] )
print( sorted[0][0] )

end = datetime.datetime.now()
print( end - start )



# OPTION 2

start = datetime.datetime.now()

myDict_values = list( myDict.values() )
myDict_keys = list( myDict.keys() )
min_value = min( myDict_values )
print( myDict_keys[ myDict_values.index( min_value ) ] )

end = datetime.datetime.now()
print( end - start )



# OPTION 3

start = datetime.datetime.now()

print( min( myDict, key=myDict.get ) )

end = datetime.datetime.now()
print( end - start )

样例输出:

#option 1
236230
0:00:14.136808

#option 2
236230
0:00:00.458026

#option 3
236230
0:00:00.824048

或__getitem__:

>>> d = {320: 1, 321: 0, 322: 3}
>>> min(d, key=d.__getitem__)
321

你可以使用keys函数来获取字典的键值，你使用min来找到列表的最小值是正确的。

这是OP最初关于最小键的问题的答案，而不是最小答案。

对于你有多个最小键并且想要保持简单的情况

def minimums(some_dict):
    positions = [] # output variable
    min_value = float("inf")
    for k, v in some_dict.items():
        if v == min_value:
            positions.append(k)
        if v < min_value:
            min_value = v
            positions = [] # output variable
            positions.append(k)

    return positions

minimums({'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':-1, 'd':0, 'e':-1})

['e', 'c']