在你的文章中有两个主要问题。

First, about static variables. Static variables are completelly unnecesary and it's use can be avoided easily. In OOP languajes in general, and in Java particularlly, function parameters are pased by reference, this is to say, if you pass an object to a funciont, you are passing a pointer to the object, so you dont need to define static variables since you can pass a pointer to the object to any scope that needs this information. Even if this implies that yo will fill your memory with pointers, this will not necesary represent a poor performance because actual memory pagging systems are optimized to handle with this, and they will maintain in memory the pages referenced by the pointers you passed to the new scope; usage of static variables may cause the system to load the memory page where they are stored when they need to be accessed (this will happen if the page has not been accesed in a long time). A good practice is to put all that static stuf together in some little "configuration clases", this will ensure the system puts it all in the same memory page.

Second, about static methods. Static methods are not so bad, but they can quickly reduce performance. For example, think about a method that compares two objects of a class and returns a value indicating which of the objects is bigger (tipical comparison method) this method can be static or not, but when invoking it the non static form will be more eficient since it will have to solve only two references (one for each object) face to the three references that will have to solve the static version of the same method (one for the class plus two, one for each object). But as I say, this is not so bad, if we take a look at the Math class, we can find a lot of math functions defined as static methods. This is really more eficient than putting all these methods in the class defining the numbers, because most of them are rarelly used and including all of them in the number class will cause the class to be very complex and consume a lot of resources unnecesarilly.

总之:在处理静态或非静态方法时，避免使用静态变量，并找到正确的性能平衡。

PS:抱歉我的英语不好。

Static variables are generally considered bad because they represent global state and are therefore much more difficult to reason about. In particular, they break the assumptions of object-oriented programming. In object-oriented programming, each object has its own state, represented by instance (non-static) variables. Static variables represent state across instances which can be much more difficult to unit test. This is mainly because it is more difficult to isolate changes to static variables to a single test.

也就是说，区分常规静态变量(通常被认为是不好的)和最终静态变量(AKA常量;还不错)。

静态变量表示全局状态。这很难推理，也很难测试:如果我创建了一个对象的新实例，我就可以在测试中推理它的新状态。如果我使用使用静态变量的代码，它可以处于任何状态-任何东西都可以修改它。

我还可以继续讲很久，但更重要的概念是，事物的范围越窄，就越容易进行推理。我们擅长思考小事，但如果没有模块化，就很难推断出百万行系统的状态。顺便说一下，这适用于各种各样的东西——不仅仅是静态变量。

假设您有一个拥有许多用户的应用程序，并且您已经定义了一个静态函数，该函数将状态保存在一个静态变量中，那么每个用户都将修改其他用户的状态。

我玩过很多静力学，我可以给你一个稍微不同的答案——或者可能是稍微不同的看待它的方式吗?

当我在一个类中使用静态(成员和方法)时，我最终开始注意到我的类实际上是两个分担责任的类——“静态”部分很像单例，而非静态部分(普通类)。据我所知，你可以通过为一个类选择所有静态类，为另一个类选择所有非静态类来完全分离这两个类。

当我在一个类中有一个静态集合，其中包含类的实例和一些静态方法来管理集合时，这种情况经常发生。一旦你思考一下，很明显你的类不是在做“一件事”，它是一个集合，做一些完全不同的事情。

现在，让我们稍微重构一下这个问题:如果你把你的类分成一个类，其中所有的东西都是静态的，而另一个类只是一个“普通类”，然后忘记“普通类”，那么你的问题就变成了纯静态类vs单例，这是在这里详细讨论的(可能还有其他十几个问题)。

我发现静态变量使用起来更方便。而且我认为它们也很有效(如果我错了请纠正我)，因为如果我必须在一个类中对一个函数进行10,000次调用，我很乐意将方法设置为静态的，并在其上使用直接的class. methodcall()，而不是用10,000个类实例来混乱内存，对吗?

我明白你的想法，但一个简单的单例模式将做同样的事情，而不必实例化10,000个对象。

可以使用静态方法，但只能用于与对象域相关且不需要或使用对象的内部属性的函数。

ex:

public class WaterContainer {
    private int size;
    private int brand;
    ...etc

    public static int convertToGallon(int liters)...

    public static int convertToLiters(int gallon)...

}