使用 var 声明定义的变量在其定义的整个函数中已知,从函数的开始。 (*) 使用 let 声明定义的变量仅在其定义的区块中已知,从其定义的时刻开始。

// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but undefined
// l IS NOT known here

function loop(arr) {
    // i IS known here, but undefined
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
    // l IS NOT known here

    for( var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {
        // i IS known here, and has a value
        // j IS NOT known here
        // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
        // l IS NOT known here
    };

    // i IS known here, and has a value
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
    // l IS NOT known here

    for( let j = 0; j < arr.length; j++ ) {
        // i IS known here, and has a value
        // j IS known here, and has a value
        // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
        // l IS NOT known here
    };

    // i IS known here, and has a value
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
    // l IS NOT known here
}

loop([1,2,3,4]);

for( var k = 0; k < arr.length; k++ ) {
    // i IS NOT known here
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, and has a value
    // l IS NOT known here
};

for( let l = 0; l < arr.length; l++ ) {
    // i IS NOT known here
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, and has a value
    // l IS known here, and has a value
};

loop([1,2,3,4]);

// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, and has a value
// l IS NOT known here

今天使用安全吗?

有些人会说,在未来,我们只会使用让陈述,而这些陈述会变得过时。JavaScript老师Kyle Simpson写了一篇非常复杂的文章,他认为为什么不会这样。

事实上,我们实际上需要问自己是否安全使用放弃声明,这个问题的答案取决于你的环境:

此分類上一篇

如何跟踪浏览器支持

如果我正确地阅读规格,那么幸运的是,也可以被利用,以避免自我呼吁的功能,用于模拟私人成员 - 一个流行的设计模式,减少代码的可读性,复杂的漏洞,没有添加真正的代码保护或其他好处 - 除了可能满足某人的欲望,以便停止使用它。

var SomeConstructor;

{
    let privateScope = {};

    SomeConstructor = function SomeConstructor () {
        this.someProperty = "foo";
        privateScope.hiddenProperty = "bar";
    }

    SomeConstructor.prototype.showPublic = function () {
        console.log(this.someProperty); // foo
    }

    SomeConstructor.prototype.showPrivate = function () {
        console.log(privateScope.hiddenProperty); // bar
    }

}

var myInstance = new SomeConstructor();

myInstance.showPublic();
myInstance.showPrivate();

console.log(privateScope.hiddenProperty); // error

查看“私人界面模拟”

// An array of adder functions.
var adderFunctions = [];

for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
  // We want the function at index i to add the index to its argument.
  adderFunctions[i] = function(x) {
    // What is i bound to here?
    return x + i;
  };
}

var add12 = adderFunctions[12];

// Uh oh. The function is bound to i in the outer scope, which is currently 1000.
console.log(add12(8) === 20); // => false
console.log(add12(8) === 1008); // => true
console.log(i); // => 1000

// It gets worse.
i = -8;
console.log(add12(8) === 0); // => true

上面的过程不会产生所需的函数序列,因为我的范围超越了每个函数创建的区块的 iteration。 相反,在环节结束时,每个函数的 i 关闭指在环节结束时的 i 值(1000)为每个在 adder 中的匿名函数。

// Let's try this again.
// NOTE: We're using another ES6 keyword, const, for values that won't
// be reassigned. const and let have similar scoping behavior.
const adderFunctions = [];

for (let i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
  // NOTE: We're using the newer arrow function syntax this time, but 
  // using the "function(x) { ..." syntax from the previous example 
  // here would not change the behavior shown.
  adderFunctions[i] = x => x + i;
}

const add12 = adderFunctions[12];

// Yay! The behavior is as expected. 
console.log(add12(8) === 20); // => true

// i's scope doesn't extend outside the for loop.
console.log(i); // => ReferenceError: i is not defined

每个函数现在保留在函数创建时的 i 的值,并且 adderFunctions 按照预期行事。

现在,图像将两种行为混合在一起,你可能会看到为什么不建议在同一脚本中混合更新的Let和 const。

const doubleAdderFunctions = [];

for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
    const j = i;
    doubleAdderFunctions[i] = x => x + i + j;
}

const add18 = doubleAdderFunctions[9];
const add24 = doubleAdderFunctions[12];

// It's not fun debugging situations like this, especially when the
// code is more complex than in this example.
console.log(add18(24) === 42); // => false
console.log(add24(18) === 42); // => false
console.log(add18(24) === add24(18)); // => false
console.log(add18(24) === 2018); // => false
console.log(add24(18) === 2018); // => false
console.log(add18(24) === 1033); // => true
console.log(add24(18) === 1030); // => true

不要让这件事发生在你身上,使用灯具。

显然,至少在Visual Studio 2015中,TypeScript 1.5,“var”允许一个区块中的相同变量名称的多个声明,而“Let”不。

这不会导致编译错误:

var x = 1;
var x = 2;

这将是:

let x = 1;
let x = 2;

让它很有趣,因为它允许我们做这样的事情:

(() => {
    var count = 0;

    for (let i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
        for (let i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
            for (let i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
                console.log(count++);
            }
        }
    }
})();

其次,有数以数以数。

在哪里

(() => {
    var count = 0;

    for (var i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
        for (var i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
            for (var i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
                console.log(count++);
            }
        }
    }
})();

只有数数(0,1 )。

在 MDN 中查看此链接

let x = 1;

if (x === 1) {
let x = 2;

console.log(x);
// expected output: 2
}

console.log(x);
// expected output: 1