让

区块范围

在顶级(功能之外)

var globalVariable = 42;
let blockScopedVariable = 43;

console.log(globalVariable); // 42
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // 43

console.log(this.globalVariable); // 42
console.log(this.blockScopedVariable); // undefined

在一个功能之内

(() => {
  var functionScopedVariable = 42;
  let blockScopedVariable = 43;

  console.log(functionScopedVariable); // 42
  console.log(blockScopedVariable); // 43
})();

console.log(functionScopedVariable); // ReferenceError: functionScopedVariable is not defined
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // ReferenceError: blockScopedVariable is not defined

在一个区块内

{
  var globalVariable = 42;
  let blockScopedVariable = 43;
  console.log(globalVariable); // 42
  console.log(blockScopedVariable); // 43
}

console.log(globalVariable); // 42
console.log(blockScopedVariable); // ReferenceError: blockScopedVariable is not defined

在一个圈子里

用Let in Loops宣言的变量只能在该圈内提到。

for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  var j = i * 2;
}
console.log(i); // 3
console.log(j); // 4

for (let k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
  let l = k * 2;
}
console.log(typeof k); // undefined
console.log(typeof l); // undefined
// Trying to do console.log(k) or console.log(l) here would throw a ReferenceError.

// Logs 3 thrice, not what we meant.
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  setTimeout(() => console.log(i), 0);
}

// Logs 0, 1 and 2, as expected.
for (let j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
  setTimeout(() => console.log(j), 0);
}

临时死区

由于临时死亡区,使用声明的变量在被声明之前无法访问,试图这样做会导致错误。

console.log(noTDZ); // undefined
var noTDZ = 43;
console.log(hasTDZ); // ReferenceError: hasTDZ is not defined
let hasTDZ = 42;

没有重新宣布

var a;
var a; // Works fine.

let b;
let b; // SyntaxError: Identifier 'b' has already been declared

var c;
let c; // SyntaxError: Identifier 'c' has already been declared

格斯特

没有重新分配

const a = 42;
a = 43; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.

请注意,这并不意味着值是不可改变的;它的属性仍然可以改变。

const obj = {};
obj.a = 42;
console.log(obj.a); // 42

如果您想要一个不可变的对象,您应该使用 Object.freeze()。

const obj = Object.freeze({a: 40});
obj.a = 42;
console.log(obj.a); // 40
console.log(obj.b); // undefined

初步者需要

在使用 const 表示变量时,您必须始终指定值。

const a; // SyntaxError: Missing initializer in const declaration

使用 var 声明定义的变量在其定义的整个函数中已知,从函数的开始。 (*) 使用 let 声明定义的变量仅在其定义的区块中已知,从其定义的时刻开始。

// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but undefined
// l IS NOT known here

function loop(arr) {
    // i IS known here, but undefined
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
    // l IS NOT known here

    for( var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {
        // i IS known here, and has a value
        // j IS NOT known here
        // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
        // l IS NOT known here
    };

    // i IS known here, and has a value
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
    // l IS NOT known here

    for( let j = 0; j < arr.length; j++ ) {
        // i IS known here, and has a value
        // j IS known here, and has a value
        // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
        // l IS NOT known here
    };

    // i IS known here, and has a value
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
    // l IS NOT known here
}

loop([1,2,3,4]);

for( var k = 0; k < arr.length; k++ ) {
    // i IS NOT known here
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, and has a value
    // l IS NOT known here
};

for( let l = 0; l < arr.length; l++ ) {
    // i IS NOT known here
    // j IS NOT known here
    // k IS known here, and has a value
    // l IS known here, and has a value
};

loop([1,2,3,4]);

// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, and has a value
// l IS NOT known here

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今天使用安全吗?

有些人会说,在未来,我们只会使用让陈述,而这些陈述会变得过时。JavaScript老师Kyle Simpson写了一篇非常复杂的文章,他认为为什么不会这样。

事实上,我们实际上需要问自己是否安全使用放弃声明,这个问题的答案取决于你的环境:

此分類上一篇

---

如何跟踪浏览器支持

---

下面是让关键词的解释,有几个例子。

主要区别在于,一个变量的范围是整个关闭功能。

此图在维基百科上显示哪些浏览器支持JavaScript 1.7.

请注意,只有 Mozilla 和 Chrome 浏览器支持它. IE、Safari 和其他可能不支持它。

一些黑客与Let:

1。

    let statistics = [16, 170, 10];
    let [age, height, grade] = statistics;

    console.log(height)

二。

    let x = 120,
    y = 12;
    [x, y] = [y, x];
    console.log(`x: ${x} y: ${y}`);

3、

    let node = {
                   type: "Identifier",
                   name: "foo"
               };

    let { type, name, value } = node;

    console.log(type);      // "Identifier"
    console.log(name);      // "foo"
    console.log(value);     // undefined

    let node = {
        type: "Identifier"
    };

    let { type: localType, name: localName = "bar" } = node;

    console.log(localType);     // "Identifier"
    console.log(localName);     // "bar"

Getter 和 Setter 與 Let:

let jar = {
    numberOfCookies: 10,
    get cookies() {
        return this.numberOfCookies;
    },
    set cookies(value) {
        this.numberOfCookies = value;
    }
};

console.log(jar.cookies)
jar.cookies = 7;

console.log(jar.cookies)

在2015年之前,使用 var 关键字是宣布 JavaScript 变量的唯一方式。

在 ES6 (JavaScript 版本) 之后,它允许 2 个新的关键字 let & const。

let = 可以重新分配 const = 不能重新分配 const ( const 源于常态,短形的“const” )

例子:

假设,宣布一个国家名称 / 你的母亲名称, const 是最合适的这里. 因为有更少的机会改变一个国家名称或你的母亲名称很快或晚些时候. 你的年龄,体重,工资,自行车的速度和更多类似于这些类型的数据,经常改变或需要重新分配。

var   --> Function scope  
let   --> Block scope
const --> Block scope

是的

在此样本中,你可以看到我被宣布在一个如果区块. 但它被宣布使用 var. 因此,它获得功能范围. 它意味着你仍然可以访问变量 i 内部函数 x. 因为 var 总是被推到函数. 尽管变量 i 被宣布在一个如果区块, 因为它使用 var 它被推到主函数 x。

函数 x(){ if(true){ var i = 100; } console.log(i); } x();

现在变量 i 被宣布在函数 y. 因此, i 被定义为函数 y. 您可以访问 i 内部函数 y. 但不是从外部函数 y。

let, const

让和 const 有区块范围。

但是,差异是,当你将值分配给 const 时,你不能再分配。

console.log(x); var x = 100;

console.log(x); // ERROR let x = 100;