ECMAScript 6 引入了许可声明。
我听说它被描述为一个当地变量,但我仍然不确定它是如何行为不同于 var 关键词。
什么是差异?什么时候应该被允许使用而不是 var?
ECMAScript 6 引入了许可声明。
我听说它被描述为一个当地变量,但我仍然不确定它是如何行为不同于 var 关键词。
什么是差异?什么时候应该被允许使用而不是 var?
当前回答
函数 VS 区块范围:
与 var 和 let 的主要区别是,与 var 宣言的变量是函数分解的,而与 let 宣言的函数是区块分解的。
function testVar () {
if(true) {
var foo = 'foo';
}
console.log(foo);
}
testVar();
// logs 'foo'
function testLet () {
if(true) {
let bar = 'bar';
}
console.log(bar);
}
testLet();
// reference error
// bar is scoped to the block of the if statement
当第一个函数测试Var 被称为变量 foo 时,与 var 声明,仍然在 if 声明之外可用。
与Let的变量:
当第二个函数测试Let被称为变量栏,用Let表示,仅可在 if 声明中访问,因为用Let表示的变量是区块分开的(其中一个区块是曲线条之间的代码,例如,如果{},为{},函数{})。
请不要让变量变量:
变量与不要被抓住:
console.log(letVar);
let letVar = 10;
// referenceError, the variable doesn't get hoisted
与 var do 相容的变量:
console.log(varVar);
var varVar = 10;
// logs undefined, the variable gets hoisted
var bar = 5;
let foo = 10;
console.log(bar); // logs 5
console.log(foo); // logs 10
console.log(window.bar);
// logs 5, variable added to window object
console.log(window.foo);
// logs undefined, variable not added to window object
其他回答
使用 var 声明定义的变量在其定义的整个函数中已知,从函数的开始。 (*) 使用 let 声明定义的变量仅在其定义的区块中已知,从其定义的时刻开始。
// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but undefined
// l IS NOT known here
function loop(arr) {
// i IS known here, but undefined
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
for( var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {
// i IS known here, and has a value
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
};
// i IS known here, and has a value
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
for( let j = 0; j < arr.length; j++ ) {
// i IS known here, and has a value
// j IS known here, and has a value
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
};
// i IS known here, and has a value
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, but has a value only the second time loop is called
// l IS NOT known here
}
loop([1,2,3,4]);
for( var k = 0; k < arr.length; k++ ) {
// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, and has a value
// l IS NOT known here
};
for( let l = 0; l < arr.length; l++ ) {
// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, and has a value
// l IS known here, and has a value
};
loop([1,2,3,4]);
// i IS NOT known here
// j IS NOT known here
// k IS known here, and has a value
// l IS NOT known here
今天使用安全吗?
有些人会说,在未来,我们只会使用让陈述,而这些陈述会变得过时。JavaScript老师Kyle Simpson写了一篇非常复杂的文章,他认为为什么不会这样。
事实上,我们实际上需要问自己是否安全使用放弃声明,这个问题的答案取决于你的环境:
此分類上一篇
如何跟踪浏览器支持
ES6 引入了两个新的关键字(let 和 const) 替代到 var。
当你需要一个区块水平下降时,你可以用Let和Const而不是VAR去。
下面的表总结了 var, let 和 const 之间的差异
此分類上一篇
主要差异是范围差异,而让它只能在所宣布的范围内可用,如在圆圈中,可在圆圈之外可访问,例如从MDN的文档(MDN的例子):
function varTest() {
var x = 1;
if (true) {
var x = 2; // same variable!
console.log(x); // 2
}
console.log(x); // 2
}
function letTest() {
let x = 1;
if (true) {
let x = 2; // different variable
console.log(x); // 2
}
console.log(x); // 1
}`
var x = 'global';
let y = 'global';
console.log(this.x); // "global"
console.log(this.y); // undefined
当在区块内使用时,请将变量的范围限制在该区块上。
var a = 1;
var b = 2;
if (a === 1) {
var a = 11; // the scope is global
let b = 22; // the scope is inside the if-block
console.log(a); // 11
console.log(b); // 22
}
console.log(a); // 11
console.log(b); // 2
正如我目前正在试图深入了解JavaScript,我将分享我的简短研究,其中包含一些已经讨论的伟大作品,以及一些其他细节,从不同的角度。
理解VAR和LAT之间的差异可以更容易,如果我们理解函数和区块范围之间的差异。
让我们来看看以下案例:
(function timer() {
for(var i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
setTimeout(function notime() { console.log(i); }, i * 1000);
}
})();
Stack VariableEnvironment //one VariablEnvironment for timer();
// when the timer is out - the value will be the same for each iteration
5. [setTimeout, i] [i=5]
4. [setTimeout, i]
3. [setTimeout, i]
2. [setTimeout, i]
1. [setTimeout, i]
0. [setTimeout, i]
####################
(function timer() {
for (let i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
setTimeout(function notime() { console.log(i); }, i * 1000);
}
})();
Stack LexicalEnvironment - each iteration has a new lexical environment
5. [setTimeout, i] [i=5]
LexicalEnvironment
4. [setTimeout, i] [i=4]
LexicalEnvironment
3. [setTimeout, i] [i=3]
LexicalEnvironment
2. [setTimeout, i] [i=2]
LexicalEnvironment
1. [setTimeout, i] [i=1]
LexicalEnvironment
0. [setTimeout, i] [i=0]
当按时()被称为执行内容时,将创建一个内容,该内容将包含每个字符串的变量环境和所有相应的语法环境。
更简单的例子
功能范围
function test() {
for(var z = 0; z < 69; z++) {
//todo
}
//z is visible outside the loop
}
区块范围
function test() {
for(let z = 0; z < 69; z++) {
//todo
}
//z is not defined :(
}
简而言之,Let和Var之间的区别在于Var是功能分解,Let是区块分解。
让它是 es6的一部分,这些功能将以轻松的方式解释差异。
function varTest() {
var x = 1;
if (true) {
var x = 2; // same variable!
console.log(x); // 2
}
console.log(x); // 2
}
function letTest() {
let x = 1;
if (true) {
let x = 2; // different variable
console.log(x); // 2
}
console.log(x); // 1
}