我发现这里公认的答案对于大多数用例来说过于复杂。这段代码很好地完成了工作(使用jQuery)，并区分了完全可见和部分可见的元素:

var element         = $("#element");
var topOfElement    = element.offset().top;
var bottomOfElement = element.offset().top + element.outerHeight(true);
var $window         = $(window);

$window.bind('scroll', function() {

    var scrollTopPosition   = $window.scrollTop()+$window.height();
    var windowScrollTop     = $window.scrollTop()

    if (windowScrollTop > topOfElement && windowScrollTop < bottomOfElement) {
        // Element is partially visible (above viewable area)
        console.log("Element is partially visible (above viewable area)");

    } else if (windowScrollTop > bottomOfElement && windowScrollTop > topOfElement) {
        // Element is hidden (above viewable area)
        console.log("Element is hidden (above viewable area)");

    } else if (scrollTopPosition < topOfElement && scrollTopPosition < bottomOfElement) {
        // Element is hidden (below viewable area)
        console.log("Element is hidden (below viewable area)");

    } else if (scrollTopPosition < bottomOfElement && scrollTopPosition > topOfElement) {
        // Element is partially visible (below viewable area)
        console.log("Element is partially visible (below viewable area)");

    } else {
        // Element is completely visible
        console.log("Element is completely visible");
    }
});

下面是一个函数，它告诉你一个元素在父元素的当前视口中是否可见:

function inParentViewport(el, pa) {
    if (typeof jQuery === "function"){
        if (el instanceof jQuery)
            el = el[0];
        if (pa instanceof jQuery)
            pa = pa[0];
    }

    var e = el.getBoundingClientRect();
    var p = pa.getBoundingClientRect();

    return (
        e.bottom >= p.top &&
        e.right >= p.left &&
        e.top <= p.bottom &&
        e.left <= p.right
    );
}

在Android上放大谷歌Chrome浏览器时，最被接受的答案是不工作的。结合Dan的回答，要考虑Android上的Chrome，必须使用visualViewport。下面的例子只考虑了垂直检查，并使用jQuery来计算窗口高度:

var Rect = YOUR_ELEMENT.getBoundingClientRect();
var ElTop = Rect.top, ElBottom = Rect.bottom;
var WindowHeight = $(window).height();
if(window.visualViewport) {
    ElTop -= window.visualViewport.offsetTop;
    ElBottom -= window.visualViewport.offsetTop;
    WindowHeight = window.visualViewport.height;
}
var WithinScreen = (ElTop >= 0 && ElBottom <= WindowHeight);

一个更好的解决方案:

function getViewportSize(w) {
    var w = w || window;
    if(w.innerWidth != null)
        return {w:w.innerWidth, h:w.innerHeight};
    var d = w.document;
    if (document.compatMode == "CSS1Compat") {
        return {
            w: d.documentElement.clientWidth,
            h: d.documentElement.clientHeight
        };
    }
    return { w: d.body.clientWidth, h: d.body.clientWidth };
}


function isViewportVisible(e) {
    var box = e.getBoundingClientRect();
    var height = box.height || (box.bottom - box.top);
    var width = box.width || (box.right - box.left);
    var viewport = getViewportSize();
    if(!height || !width)
        return false;
    if(box.top > viewport.h || box.bottom < 0)
        return false;
    if(box.right < 0 || box.left > viewport.w)
        return false;
    return true;
}

更新:时间在流逝，我们的浏览器也是如此。这种方法不再被推荐，如果你不需要支持ie7之前的版本，你应该使用Dan的解决方案。

原来的解决方案(现已过时):

这将检查元素是否在当前视口中完全可见:

function elementInViewport(el) {
  var top = el.offsetTop;
  var left = el.offsetLeft;
  var width = el.offsetWidth;
  var height = el.offsetHeight;

  while(el.offsetParent) {
    el = el.offsetParent;
    top += el.offsetTop;
    left += el.offsetLeft;
  }

  return (
    top >= window.pageYOffset &&
    left >= window.pageXOffset &&
    (top + height) <= (window.pageYOffset + window.innerHeight) &&
    (left + width) <= (window.pageXOffset + window.innerWidth)
  );
}

你可以简单地修改它，以确定元素的任何部分在视口中是否可见:

function elementInViewport2(el) {
  var top = el.offsetTop;
  var left = el.offsetLeft;
  var width = el.offsetWidth;
  var height = el.offsetHeight;

  while(el.offsetParent) {
    el = el.offsetParent;
    top += el.offsetTop;
    left += el.offsetLeft;
  }

  return (
    top < (window.pageYOffset + window.innerHeight) &&
    left < (window.pageXOffset + window.innerWidth) &&
    (top + height) > window.pageYOffset &&
    (left + width) > window.pageXOffset
  );
}

我认为这是一种更实用的方法。 Dan的答案在递归上下文中不起作用。

此函数通过递归测试HTML标记之前的任何级别，并在第一个false处停止，解决了当您的元素位于其他可滚动div中的问题。

/**
 * fullVisible=true only returns true if the all object rect is visible
 */
function isReallyVisible(el, fullVisible) {
    if ( el.tagName == "HTML" )
            return true;
    var parentRect=el.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect();
    var rect = arguments[2] || el.getBoundingClientRect();
    return (
            ( fullVisible ? rect.top    >= parentRect.top    : rect.bottom > parentRect.top ) &&
            ( fullVisible ? rect.left   >= parentRect.left   : rect.right  > parentRect.left ) &&
            ( fullVisible ? rect.bottom <= parentRect.bottom : rect.top    < parentRect.bottom ) &&
            ( fullVisible ? rect.right  <= parentRect.right  : rect.left   < parentRect.right ) &&
            isReallyVisible(el.parentNode, fullVisible, rect)
    );
};