是否有一种有效的方法来判断DOM元素(在HTML文档中)当前是否可见(出现在视口中)?

(这个问题指的是Firefox。)


当前回答

这是我的解决方案。如果一个元素隐藏在一个可滚动的容器中,它将工作。

这里是一个演示(尝试调整窗口大小为)

var visibleY = function(el){
    var top = el.getBoundingClientRect().top, rect, el = el.parentNode;
    do {
        rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
        if (top <= rect.bottom === false)
            return false;
        el = el.parentNode;
    } while (el != document.body);
    // Check it's within the document viewport
    return top <= document.documentElement.clientHeight;
};

我只需要检查它在Y轴上是否可见(用于滚动Ajax加载更多记录功能)。

其他回答

在之前的回答中,大多数用法都没有做到这一点:

-当一个元素的任何像素都是可见的,但不是“一个角落”, -当一个元素大于viewport并且居中时, -大多数只检查文档或窗口内的单个元素。

好吧,对于所有这些问题,我都有一个解决方案,好的方面是:

-你可以返回可见时,只有一个像素从任何一方显示,而不是一个角落, -你仍然可以返回大于viewport的visible while元素, -你可以选择你的父元素,或者你可以自动让它选择。 -也适用于动态添加的元素

如果你检查下面的片段,你会发现在元素的容器中使用溢出滚动的区别不会造成任何麻烦,并且看到与其他答案不同的是,即使一个像素从任何一侧显示,或者当一个元素大于视口时,我们看到的是元素的内部像素,它仍然有效。

用法很简单:

// For checking element visibility from any sides
isVisible(element)

// For checking elements visibility in a parent you would like to check
var parent = document; // Assuming you check if 'element' inside 'document'
isVisible(element, parent)

// For checking elements visibility even if it's bigger than viewport
isVisible(element, null, true) // Without parent choice
isVisible(element, parent, true) // With parent choice

一个没有crossSearchAlgorithm的演示,对于大于viewport的元素,检查element3内部像素,可以看到:

function isVisible(element, parent, crossSearchAlgorithm) { var rect = element.getBoundingClientRect(), prect = (parent != undefined) ? parent.getBoundingClientRect() : element.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect(), csa = (crossSearchAlgorithm != undefined) ? crossSearchAlgorithm : false, efp = function (x, y) { return document.elementFromPoint(x, y) }; // Return false if it's not in the viewport if (rect.right < prect.left || rect.bottom < prect.top || rect.left > prect.right || rect.top > prect.bottom) { return false; } var flag = false; // Return true if left to right any border pixel reached for (var x = rect.left; x < rect.right; x++) { if (element.contains(efp(rect.top, x)) || element.contains(efp(rect.bottom, x))) { flag = true; break; } } // Return true if top to bottom any border pixel reached if (flag == false) { for (var y = rect.top; y < rect.bottom; y++) { if (element.contains(efp(rect.left, y)) || element.contains(efp(rect.right, y))) { flag = true; break; } } } if(csa) { // Another algorithm to check if element is centered and bigger than viewport if (flag == false) { var x = rect.left; var y = rect.top; // From top left to bottom right while(x < rect.right || y < rect.bottom) { if (element.contains(efp(x,y))) { flag = true; break; } if(x < rect.right) { x++; } if(y < rect.bottom) { y++; } } if (flag == false) { x = rect.right; y = rect.top; // From top right to bottom left while(x > rect.left || y < rect.bottom) { if (element.contains(efp(x,y))) { flag = true; break; } if(x > rect.left) { x--; } if(y < rect.bottom) { y++; } } } } } return flag; } // Check multiple elements visibility document.getElementById('container').addEventListener("scroll", function() { var elementList = document.getElementsByClassName("element"); var console = document.getElementById('console'); for (var i=0; i < elementList.length; i++) { // I did not define parent, so it will be element's parent if (isVisible(elementList[i])) { console.innerHTML = "Element with id[" + elementList[i].id + "] is visible!"; break; } else { console.innerHTML = "Element with id[" + elementList[i].id + "] is hidden!"; } } }); // Dynamically added elements for(var i=4; i <= 6; i++) { var newElement = document.createElement("div"); newElement.id = "element" + i; newElement.classList.add("element"); document.getElementById('container').appendChild(newElement); } #console { background-color: yellow; } #container { width: 300px; height: 100px; background-color: lightblue; overflow-y: auto; padding-top: 150px; margin: 45px; } .element { margin: 400px; width: 400px; height: 320px; background-color: green; } #element3 { position: relative; margin: 40px; width: 720px; height: 520px; background-color: green; } #element3::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: -10px; left: -10px; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 540px; border: 5px dotted green; background: transparent; } <div id="console"></div> <div id="container"> <div id="element1" class="element"></div> <div id="element2" class="element"></div> <div id="element3" class="element"></div> </div>

你看,当你在element3内部时,它无法判断它是否可见,因为我们只检查元素是否从侧面或角落可见。

这个包含了crossSearchAlgorithm,它允许你在元素大于viewport时仍然返回visible:

function isVisible(element, parent, crossSearchAlgorithm) { var rect = element.getBoundingClientRect(), prect = (parent != undefined) ? parent.getBoundingClientRect() : element.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect(), csa = (crossSearchAlgorithm != undefined) ? crossSearchAlgorithm : false, efp = function (x, y) { return document.elementFromPoint(x, y) }; // Return false if it's not in the viewport if (rect.right < prect.left || rect.bottom < prect.top || rect.left > prect.right || rect.top > prect.bottom) { return false; } var flag = false; // Return true if left to right any border pixel reached for (var x = rect.left; x < rect.right; x++) { if (element.contains(efp(rect.top, x)) || element.contains(efp(rect.bottom, x))) { flag = true; break; } } // Return true if top to bottom any border pixel reached if (flag == false) { for (var y = rect.top; y < rect.bottom; y++) { if (element.contains(efp(rect.left, y)) || element.contains(efp(rect.right, y))) { flag = true; break; } } } if(csa) { // Another algorithm to check if element is centered and bigger than viewport if (flag == false) { var x = rect.left; var y = rect.top; // From top left to bottom right while(x < rect.right || y < rect.bottom) { if (element.contains(efp(x,y))) { flag = true; break; } if(x < rect.right) { x++; } if(y < rect.bottom) { y++; } } if (flag == false) { x = rect.right; y = rect.top; // From top right to bottom left while(x > rect.left || y < rect.bottom) { if (element.contains(efp(x,y))) { flag = true; break; } if(x > rect.left) { x--; } if(y < rect.bottom) { y++; } } } } } return flag; } // Check multiple elements visibility document.getElementById('container').addEventListener("scroll", function() { var elementList = document.getElementsByClassName("element"); var console = document.getElementById('console'); for (var i=0; i < elementList.length; i++) { // I did not define parent so it will be element's parent // and it will do crossSearchAlgorithm if (isVisible(elementList[i],null,true)) { console.innerHTML = "Element with id[" + elementList[i].id + "] is visible!"; break; } else { console.innerHTML = "Element with id[" + elementList[i].id + "] is hidden!"; } } }); // Dynamically added elements for(var i=4; i <= 6; i++) { var newElement = document.createElement("div"); newElement.id = "element" + i; newElement.classList.add("element"); document.getElementById('container').appendChild(newElement); } #console { background-color: yellow; } #container { width: 300px; height: 100px; background-color: lightblue; overflow-y: auto; padding-top: 150px; margin: 45px; } .element { margin: 400px; width: 400px; height: 320px; background-color: green; } #element3 { position: relative; margin: 40px; width: 720px; height: 520px; background-color: green; } #element3::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: -10px; left: -10px; margin: 0px; width: 740px; height: 540px; border: 5px dotted green; background: transparent; } <div id="console"></div> <div id="container"> <div id="element1" class="element"></div> <div id="element2" class="element"></div> <div id="element3" class="element"></div> </div>

JSFiddle玩:http://jsfiddle.net/BerkerYuceer/grk5az2c/

这段代码是为了获得更精确的信息,无论元素的任何部分是否显示在视图中。对于性能选项或仅垂直幻灯片,不要使用此选项!这段代码在绘图情况下更有效。

作为公共服务: Dan的答案与正确的计算(元素可以>窗口,特别是在手机屏幕上),并正确的jQuery测试,以及添加isElementPartiallyInViewport:

顺便说一下,窗户和窗户的区别。innerWidth和document.documentElement.clientWidth是clientWidth/clientHeight不包括滚动条,while窗口。innerWidth /高。

function isElementPartiallyInViewport(el)
{
    // Special bonus for those using jQuery
    if (typeof jQuery !== 'undefined' && el instanceof jQuery) 
        el = el[0];

    var rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
    // DOMRect { x: 8, y: 8, width: 100, height: 100, top: 8, right: 108, bottom: 108, left: 8 }
    var windowHeight = (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight);
    var windowWidth = (window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth);

    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/325933/determine-whether-two-date-ranges-overlap
    var vertInView = (rect.top <= windowHeight) && ((rect.top + rect.height) >= 0);
    var horInView = (rect.left <= windowWidth) && ((rect.left + rect.width) >= 0);

    return (vertInView && horInView);
}


// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/123999/how-to-tell-if-a-dom-element-is-visible-in-the-current-viewport
function isElementInViewport (el)
{
    // Special bonus for those using jQuery
    if (typeof jQuery !== 'undefined' && el instanceof jQuery) 
        el = el[0];

    var rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
    var windowHeight = (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight);
    var windowWidth = (window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth);

    return (
           (rect.left >= 0)
        && (rect.top >= 0)
        && ((rect.left + rect.width) <= windowWidth)
        && ((rect.top + rect.height) <= windowHeight)
    );
}


function fnIsVis(ele)
{
    var inVpFull = isElementInViewport(ele);
    var inVpPartial = isElementPartiallyInViewport(ele);
    console.clear();
    console.log("Fully in viewport: " + inVpFull);
    console.log("Partially in viewport: " + inVpPartial);
}

测试用例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <title>Test</title>
    <!--
    <script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="scrollMonitor.js"></script>
    -->

    <script type="text/javascript">

        function isElementPartiallyInViewport(el)
        {
            // Special bonus for those using jQuery
            if (typeof jQuery !== 'undefined' && el instanceof jQuery) 
                el = el[0];

            var rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
            // DOMRect { x: 8, y: 8, width: 100, height: 100, top: 8, right: 108, bottom: 108, left: 8 }
            var windowHeight = (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight);
            var windowWidth = (window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth);

            // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/325933/determine-whether-two-date-ranges-overlap
            var vertInView = (rect.top <= windowHeight) && ((rect.top + rect.height) >= 0);
            var horInView = (rect.left <= windowWidth) && ((rect.left + rect.width) >= 0);

            return (vertInView && horInView);
        }


        // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/123999/how-to-tell-if-a-dom-element-is-visible-in-the-current-viewport
        function isElementInViewport (el)
        {
            // Special bonus for those using jQuery
            if (typeof jQuery !== 'undefined' && el instanceof jQuery) 
                el = el[0];

            var rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
            var windowHeight = (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight);
            var windowWidth = (window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth);

            return (
                   (rect.left >= 0)
                && (rect.top >= 0)
                && ((rect.left + rect.width) <= windowWidth)
                && ((rect.top + rect.height) <= windowHeight)
            );
        }


        function fnIsVis(ele)
        {
            var inVpFull = isElementInViewport(ele);
            var inVpPartial = isElementPartiallyInViewport(ele);
            console.clear();
            console.log("Fully in viewport: " + inVpFull);
            console.log("Partially in viewport: " + inVpPartial);
        }


        // var scrollLeft = (window.pageXOffset !== undefined) ? window.pageXOffset : (document.documentElement || document.body.parentNode || document.body).scrollLeft,
        // var scrollTop = (window.pageYOffset !== undefined) ? window.pageYOffset : (document.documentElement || document.body.parentNode || document.body).scrollTop;
    </script>
</head>

<body>
    <div style="display: block; width: 2000px; height: 10000px; background-color: green;">

        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

        <input type="button" onclick="fnIsVis(document.getElementById('myele'));" value="det" />

        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

        <div style="background-color: crimson; display: inline-block; width: 800px; height: 500px;" ></div>
        <div id="myele" onclick="fnIsVis(this);" style="display: inline-block; width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: hotpink;">
        t
        </div>

        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

        <input type="button" onclick="fnIsVis(document.getElementById('myele'));" value="det" />
    </div>

    <!--
    <script type="text/javascript">

        var element = document.getElementById("myele");
        var watcher = scrollMonitor.create(element);

        watcher.lock();

        watcher.stateChange(function() {
            console.log("state changed");
            // $(element).toggleClass('fixed', this.isAboveViewport)
        });
    </script>
    -->
</body>
</html>

对于类似的挑战,我非常喜欢这个要点,它为scrollIntoViewIfNeeded()暴露了一个填充。

所有必要的功夫都需要回答这个问题:

var parent = this.parentNode,
    parentComputedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(parent, null),
    parentBorderTopWidth = parseInt(parentComputedStyle.getPropertyValue('border-top-width')),
    parentBorderLeftWidth = parseInt(parentComputedStyle.getPropertyValue('border-left-width')),
    overTop = this.offsetTop - parent.offsetTop < parent.scrollTop,
    overBottom = (this.offsetTop - parent.offsetTop + this.clientHeight - parentBorderTopWidth) > (parent.scrollTop + parent.clientHeight),
    overLeft = this.offsetLeft - parent.offsetLeft < parent.scrollLeft,
    overRight = (this.offsetLeft - parent.offsetLeft + this.clientWidth - parentBorderLeftWidth) > (parent.scrollLeft + parent.clientWidth),
    alignWithTop = overTop && !overBottom;

这指的是你想知道的元素,例如,overTop或overBottom -你只需要得到漂移…

/**
 * Returns Element placement information in Viewport
 * @link https://stackoverflow.com/a/70476497/2453148
 *
 * @typedef {object} ViewportInfo - Whether the element is…
 * @property {boolean} isInViewport - fully or partially in the viewport
 * @property {boolean} isPartiallyInViewport - partially in the viewport
 * @property {boolean} isInsideViewport - fully inside viewport
 * @property {boolean} isAroundViewport - completely covers the viewport
 * @property {boolean} isOnEdge - intersects the edge of viewport
 * @property {boolean} isOnTopEdge - intersects the top edge
 * @property {boolean} isOnRightEdge - intersects the right edge
 * @property {boolean} isOnBottomEdge - is intersects the bottom edge
 * @property {boolean} isOnLeftEdge - is intersects the left edge
 *
 * @param el Element
 * @return {Object} ViewportInfo
 */
function getElementViewportInfo(el) {

    let result = {};

    let rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
    let windowHeight = window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight;
    let windowWidth  = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth;

    let insideX = rect.left >= 0 && rect.left + rect.width <= windowWidth;
    let insideY = rect.top >= 0 && rect.top + rect.height <= windowHeight;

    result.isInsideViewport = insideX && insideY;

    let aroundX = rect.left < 0 && rect.left + rect.width > windowWidth;
    let aroundY = rect.top < 0 && rect.top + rect.height > windowHeight;

    result.isAroundViewport = aroundX && aroundY;

    let onTop    = rect.top < 0 && rect.top + rect.height > 0;
    let onRight  = rect.left < windowWidth && rect.left + rect.width > windowWidth;
    let onLeft   = rect.left < 0 && rect.left + rect.width > 0;
    let onBottom = rect.top < windowHeight && rect.top + rect.height > windowHeight;

    let onY = insideY || aroundY || onTop || onBottom;
    let onX = insideX || aroundX || onLeft || onRight;

    result.isOnTopEdge    = onTop && onX;
    result.isOnRightEdge  = onRight && onY;
    result.isOnBottomEdge = onBottom && onX;
    result.isOnLeftEdge   = onLeft && onY;

    result.isOnEdge = result.isOnLeftEdge || result.isOnRightEdge ||
        result.isOnTopEdge || result.isOnBottomEdge;

    let isInX =
        insideX || aroundX || result.isOnLeftEdge || result.isOnRightEdge;
    let isInY =
        insideY || aroundY || result.isOnTopEdge || result.isOnBottomEdge;

    result.isInViewport = isInX && isInY;

    result.isPartiallyInViewport =
        result.isInViewport && result.isOnEdge;

    return result;
}

我们现在有一个原生javascript交集观察者API 从中我们可以检测元素,无论它们是否在视口中。

这里有一个例子

const el = document.querySelector('#el') const observer = new window.IntersectionObserver(([entry]) => { if (entry. isintersection) { console.log(输入) 返回 } console.log(离开) }, { 根:空, 阈值:0.1,//设置偏移量0.1表示如果元素在视口中至少占10%,则触发 }) observer.observe (el); 身体{ 身高:300 vh; } # el { margin-top: 100 vh; } <div id="el">这是元素</div>