缓存，有时你必须计算相同的值很多时间，所以通过存储最后一组输入到一个方法和结果，你可以加快代码。通过使用线程本地存储，您可以避免考虑锁定问题。

Many frameworks use ThreadLocals to maintain some context related to the current thread. For example when the current transaction is stored in a ThreadLocal, you don't need to pass it as a parameter through every method call, in case someone down the stack needs access to it. Web applications might store information about the current request and session in a ThreadLocal, so that the application has easy access to them. With Guice you can use ThreadLocals when implementing custom scopes for the injected objects (Guice's default servlet scopes most probably use them as well).

ThreadLocals are one sort of global variables (although slightly less evil because they are restricted to one thread), so you should be careful when using them to avoid unwanted side-effects and memory leaks. Design your APIs so that the ThreadLocal values will always be automatically cleared when they are not needed anymore and that incorrect use of the API won't be possible (for example like this). ThreadLocals can be used to make the code cleaner, and in some rare cases they are the only way to make something work (my current project had two such cases; they are documented here under "Static Fields and Global Variables").

当您希望某些状态不应该在不同线程之间共享，但每个线程在其整个生命周期内都可以访问时，ThreadLocal非常有用。

As an example, imagine a web application, where each request is served by a different thread. Imagine that for each request you need a piece of data multiple times, which is quite expensive to compute. However, that data might have changed for each incoming request, which means that you can't use a plain cache. A simple, quick solution to this problem would be to have a ThreadLocal variable holding access to this data, so that you have to calculate it only once for each request. Of course, this problem can also be solved without the use of ThreadLocal, but I devised it for illustration purposes.

也就是说，请记住ThreadLocals本质上是一种全局状态的形式。因此，它有许多其他含义，只有在考虑了所有其他可能的解决方案后才应该使用。

一种可能的(也是常见的)用途是，当您有一些不是线程安全的对象，但您希望避免同步访问该对象(我正在看您，SimpleDateFormat)。相反，给每个线程它自己的对象实例。

例如:

public class Foo
{
    // SimpleDateFormat is not thread-safe, so give one to each thread
    private static final ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> formatter = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>(){
        @Override
        protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue()
        {
            return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd HHmm");
        }
    };

    public String formatIt(Date date)
    {
        return formatter.get().format(date);
    }
}

文档。

Webapp服务器可能会保留一个线程池，并且在响应客户端之前应该删除ThreadLocal变量，因此当前线程可能会被下一个请求重用。

在Java中，如果您有一个每个线程都可以变化的数据，那么您可以选择将该数据传递给每个需要(或可能需要)它的方法，或者将该数据与线程关联。如果你的所有方法都需要传递一个公共的“上下文”变量，那么到处传递数据可能是可行的。

如果不是这样，您可能不希望用额外的参数来打乱方法签名。在非线程环境中，可以使用Java中等价的全局变量来解决这个问题。在线程词中，与全局变量等价的是线程局部变量。