Many frameworks use ThreadLocals to maintain some context related to the current thread. For example when the current transaction is stored in a ThreadLocal, you don't need to pass it as a parameter through every method call, in case someone down the stack needs access to it. Web applications might store information about the current request and session in a ThreadLocal, so that the application has easy access to them. With Guice you can use ThreadLocals when implementing custom scopes for the injected objects (Guice's default servlet scopes most probably use them as well).

ThreadLocals are one sort of global variables (although slightly less evil because they are restricted to one thread), so you should be careful when using them to avoid unwanted side-effects and memory leaks. Design your APIs so that the ThreadLocal values will always be automatically cleared when they are not needed anymore and that incorrect use of the API won't be possible (for example like this). ThreadLocals can be used to make the code cleaner, and in some rare cases they are the only way to make something work (my current project had two such cases; they are documented here under "Static Fields and Global Variables").

ThreadLocal是JVM专门提供的功能，仅为线程提供隔离的存储空间。与实例作用域变量的值一样，变量只能绑定到类的给定实例。每个对象都有其唯一的值，它们不能看到彼此的值。ThreadLocal变量的概念也是如此，在对象实例的意义上，它们是线程的本地线程，除了创建它的线程之外，其他线程看不到它。在这里看到的

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;


public class ThreadId {
private static final AtomicInteger nextId = new AtomicInteger(1000);

// Thread local variable containing each thread's ID
private static final ThreadLocal<Integer> threadId = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> nextId.getAndIncrement());


// Returns the current thread's unique ID, assigning it if necessary
public static int get() {
    return threadId.get();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

    new Thread(() -> IntStream.range(1, 3).forEach(i -> {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " >> " + new ThreadId().get());
    })).start();

    new Thread(() -> IntStream.range(1, 3).forEach(i -> {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " >> " + new ThreadId().get());
    })).start();

    new Thread(() -> IntStream.range(1, 3).forEach(i -> {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " >> " + new ThreadId().get());
    })).start();

}
}

文档说得很好:“每个访问[线程局部变量]的线程(通过它的get或set方法)都有它自己的、独立初始化的变量副本”。

当每个线程必须有自己的某个副本时，可以使用一个。默认情况下，数据在线程之间共享。

ThreadLocal in Java had been introduced on JDK 1.2 but was later generified in JDK 1.5 to introduce type safety on ThreadLocal variable. ThreadLocal can be associated with Thread scope, all the code which is executed by Thread has access to ThreadLocal variables but two thread can not see each others ThreadLocal variable. Each thread holds an exclusive copy of ThreadLocal variable which becomes eligible to Garbage collection after thread finished or died, normally or due to any Exception, Given those ThreadLocal variable doesn't have any other live references. ThreadLocal variables in Java are generally private static fields in Classes and maintain its state inside Thread.

阅读更多:Java示例程序和教程中的ThreadLocal

从本质上讲，当您需要一个变量的值依赖于当前线程，并且不方便您以其他方式将值附加到线程(例如，子类化线程)。

典型的情况是，其他框架创建了运行代码的线程，例如servlet容器，或者使用ThreadLocal更有意义，因为你的变量“在它的逻辑位置”(而不是挂在thread子类或其他哈希映射中的变量)。

在我的网站上，我有一些关于何时使用ThreadLocal的进一步讨论和示例，您可能也会感兴趣。

有些人主张使用ThreadLocal作为一种方法，在某些并发算法中，当你需要线程号时，将“线程ID”附加到每个线程上(参见Herlihy & Shavit)。在这种情况下，检查你是否真的得到了好处!

正如@unknown(谷歌)所提到的，它的用途是定义一个全局变量，其中引用的值在每个线程中都是唯一的。它的使用通常需要存储某种链接到当前执行线程的上下文信息。

我们在Java EE环境中使用它来将用户标识传递给不支持Java EE的类(不能访问HttpSession或EJB SessionContext)。通过这种方式，代码可以从任何地方访问标识，而不必在每个方法调用中显式地传递它。

大多数Java EE调用中的操作的请求/响应周期使得这种类型的使用很容易，因为它提供了定义良好的入口和出口点来设置和取消设置ThreadLocal。